THE

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,

JOURNAL OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,

// ,

(AND

^JOURNAL

OP THE

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.)

EDITED BY

W. S. W. VAUX, M.A., F.S.A.,

JOHN EVANS, F.K.S., F.S.A., F.G.S.,

AND

FREDERIC W. MADDEN.

NEW SERIES.— VOL. VII.

m

Factum abiit — monumenta manent. — Ov. Fast.

LONDON : JOHN EUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE.

PARIS: MM. ROLLIN ET FEUARDENT, RUE VIVIENNE, No. 12. 1867.

CJ

n.s.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY VIRTUE AND CO., CITY ROAD.

CONTENTS.

ANCIENT NUMISMATICS.

Page On some Rare or Unpublished Roman Medallions. By John

Evans, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A 1

Roman Coins struck in Britain. By J. F. W. de Salis, Esq. . 57

Coins of the Ptolemies. (Continued). Remarks on the Staters

of the Ptolemies. By Reginald Stuart Poole, Esq. . . 161

The Coins of the Two Eudoxias, Eudocia, Placidia, and Honoria, and of Theodosius II., Marcian, and Leo I., struck in Italy. By J. F. W. de Salis, Esq 203

An Account of the Collection of Roman Gold Coins of the late Duke de Biacas, purchased, with other Antiquities, for the British Museum. By Frederic W. Madden, Esq . .251

Roman Coins struck in Britain. By J. F. W. de Salis, Esq. . 321

Coins of Magnus Maximus, struck at London. By John Evans,

Esq, F.R.S., F.S.A 329

MEDIEVAL AND MODERN NUMISMATICS.

Account of Coins found at Holwell, in the county of Leicester. With Remarks on Money of the Calais Mint. Bv the Rev. Assheton Pownall, M.A., F.S.A. ....*..

vi CONTENTS.

Page

On the Distinctions between the Pennies of Henry IV., V., and VI. A Letter from W. H. D. Longstaffe, Esq., to the Rev. Assheton Pownall ........ 20

Heavy Farthing of Edward IV. By J. Fred. Neck, Esq. . . 43 On Two Gold Medals of Queen Elizabeth. By S. F. Corkran, Esq. 45

An Account of the Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Coins found at Chauc-

ton Farm, Sussex. By Barclay Vincent Head, Esq. . . 63

On Certain Silver Coins of Henry VI., which form a connecting link with the First Mintage of Edward IV. By the Rev. Assheton Pownall, M.A., F.S.A 127

Numismata Typographica ; or, the Medallic History of Printing.

By William Blades, Esq 137

ORIENTAL NUMISMATICS.

Early Armenian Coins. By Edward Thomas, Esq., H.E.I.C.S.

141, 216

NOTICES OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS.

Revue Numismatique Franfaise 47, 157, 333

Revue Numismatique Beige .... 47, 157, 245, 333 Annuaire de la Soci6te Francaise de Numismatique et d'Archeologie 48 Berliner Blatter fur Miinz-Siegel-und Wappenkunde . 50, 157, 333

Angelsaksische Munten in 1866 gevonden in Friesland. By MM.

F. de Haan and W. Eekhoff 53

Numismatic History of England, from 1066 to the Present Time . 53

Notizie intorno alia Vita ed alle Opere di Monsignor Celestino

Cavedoni con Appendice di sue Lettere ed altre cose iuedite . 246

Die Miinzen und Medaillen Graubiindens. By C. F. Trachsel . 248

Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Phila- delphia, from May, 1865, to December, 1866 . . .334

Nouvelles Decouvertes Archeologiques faites a Constantinople.

Par le Dr. Dethier 334

Revue ArchtSologique 335

CONTENTS. Vll

Page

MISCELLANEA.

Finds of Coins 55, 56, 330

Numismatic Queries. — Replies 56

Sale of Coins 159,249

Kobang 335

Coins of Henry IV. of England 338

Blundered Coin of Maroneia ....... 338

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC, SOCIETY.

SESSION 1866—1867.

OCTOBER 18, 1866. W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair. .

The following presents were announced, and rlaid on the table :—

1. Byzantinische Nachahmungen, by M. le Baron de Koehne. From the Author.

2. Medailles en 1'honneur du Prince Alexander Labanoff de Rostoff, by M. le Baron de Kcehne. From the Author.

3. Monnaies d'or Sue*vo-Lusitamennes, by MM. E. A. Allen and H. N. Teixeira. From the Authors.

4. Era of the Arsacidae, by M. le Baron de Koehne. From the Author.

5. Rivista della Numismatica, Part IV. and Index. From the Editor.

6. Bulletin de TAcad^mie Royale de Belgique, 34: anne*e, 2nd Ser., t. xx., 1865 ; 35 annee, 2nd Ser., t. xxi., 1866. From the Academy.

7. Annuaire de I'Acad^mie Royale de Belgique, 1866. From the Academy.

8. Proceedings and Papers of the Kilkenny and South- East of -Ireland Archaeological Society, vol. v., N.S., No. 50, Oct., 1865 ; No. 51, Jan., 1866. From the Society.

2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

9. Bulletin de la Soctete" Arch6ologique de 1'Orleannais, lcrc trimestre de 18 GO, No. 51. From the Society.

10. Bulletin de la Soci£te des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest. 2me trimestre, 1866. From the Society.

11. Photographic Journal, Nos. 170—173.

12. Archaeologia Cantiana, vol. vi., 1866. From the Kent Archaeological Society.

13. Kevue de la Numismatique Beige, 4 Ser., t. iv., 2me livraison, 3me livraison, 1866. From the Society.

14. Proceedings of the Manchester Numismatic Society. Part III. From tjie Society.

Mr Smallfield exhibited, on behalf of the Kent ArchsBological Society, three Saxon sceattas — two of them from the cemetery at Sarre, and the third from Canterbury, found during the restoration of the cathedral.

Mr. Evans read a paper communicated by W. Allen, Esq., " On a Find of Coins of Allectus at Old Ford, Bow, in Feb- ruary, 1866." — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vi. p. 304.

Mr. Gaston Feuardent communicated a note " On the Gold Staters of Athens." — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vi. p. 320.

Mr. Madden read a paper by himself, " On some Roman Coins and Medallions recently purchased for the British Museum." — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vi. p. 257.

NOVEMBER 15, 1866. W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Gaston Feuardent, Esq., was elected a member of the Society.

The Rev. A. Pownall exhibited a cast of a groat of Edward IV., countermarked with the arms of Dantzic ; also a silver medal of Charles I. and his Queen.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 3

Mr. Akerman exhibited a sterling of John Duke of Brabant, probably the third of that name, or John the Triumphant, who reigned from 1312 to 1316. This coin, which was struck at Brussels, had lately been found near Abingdon. It is of the type Snelling, No. 40, having on the obverse a triple towered castle and the legend I. DVX. D6C BRfiBfiNT, and on the reverse the usual cross with MON6CT7V BRVX6CL.

Mr. Evans exhibited a small gold coin of Andocomius, of the type Evans, pi. v., No. 5, which had been ploughed up between Burford and Witney.

The Rev. A. Pownall read a paper by himself, entitled " An account of Coins found at Holwell, in the county of Leicester, with remarks on the money of the Calais Mint." — See Numis- matic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 8.

Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe communicated a paper " On the Distinction between the Pennies of Henry IV., V., and VI." — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 20.

DECEMBER 13, 1866. J. B. BERGNE, Esq., in the Chair

The following presents were announced, and laid on the table :—

1. ^K€\J/€LS 67Ti Td)v No/>itcr/xaTa)v Tr)<s A\a'iKV)s Sv/i-/xa^ias, being a translation of the article in the Numismatic Chronicle, vol. vi. p. 21, by Dr. G. Finlay. From the Author.

2. La Croix de Saint Ulrich d'Augsbourg, by M. R. Chalon. From the Author.

3. Beitrage zur Geschichte des Geld-und Miinzwesens in Deutschland, 4er Abschnitt, by A. D. Soetbeer. From the Author.

4. Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, N.S., vol. v. From the Society.

4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. W. S. Jones exhibited some coins found in Egypt and Palestine. Among those from Thebes were Alexandrian coins of Diocletian, Maxirnimus, and small brass coins of the later emperors. Among the coins found at Samaria were some Cufic coins, and one probably of John Hyrcanus or Alexander Jannceus. The other coins were principally Byzantine.

Mr. Evans exhibited a specimen of the silver medalet of Elizabeth, with the legends, Unum a Deo duobus sustineo — Afflictorum conservatrix, 1601; of which no satisfactory inter- pretation has been offered.

Mr. S. F. Corkran, communicated a paper " On two Gold Medals of Queen Elizabeth." — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 45.

JANUARY 17, 1867. W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.

W. G. Heppel, Esq., was elected a member of the Society.

MM. Miiller, Bergmann, and Van der Chijs were elected honorary members of the Society.

The following present was announced, and laid on the table : —

1 . Revue Numismatique Beige, 4 Ser. Vol. v., lere livraison, 1867.

Mr. Freudenthal exhibited some specimens of the newly- issued coinage of " grani," or thirds of a farthing, intended for Malta.

Mr. J. F. Neck exhibited and read an account of a heavy farthing of Edward IV. — See Numismatic Chronicle, N.8., vol. vii. p. 43.

Mr. G. A. Rogers exhibited a gold piece of singular work- manship, which appeared to be of modern but barbarous execution.

Mr. Evans read a notice of a find of coins at Neideraschau, in I'.uv aria.— See Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 336.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 5

Mr. Evans read a paper by himself, " On some unpublished Roman Medallions," printed in Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 1.

FEBRUARY 21, 1867. W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The following presents were announced and laid on the table :—

1. Abhandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes heraus- gegeben von der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft. IY. Band. No. 5. — Katha Sant Sagana, Leipzig, 1866. 8vo. From the Society.

2. Les Le*gendes dans la Numismatique Ancienne, by M. Fr. Lenormant, Paris. From the Author.

3. Angelsaksische Munten in 1866, gevonden in Friesland beschreven en Historisch Toergelicht, 1866.

Mr. Freudenthal exhibited a "piece of necessity," lately issued by Chang "Wang, the leader of the Tae-Pings in China. It is a rude imitation of the pillar half-dollar of Charles III. of Spain (1771), but struck on pasteboard coated with tin -foil, instead of on silver. He also exhibited a forgery of a copper coin of the Visigothic King Sisebutus.

Mr. Warren, of Ix worth, exhibited casts of a penny of Ead- mund, struck by a moneyer not mentioned by Ending, Litilman, whose name, however, occurs on coins of Eadwig.

The Rev. Tullie Cornthwaite exhibited three copper coins of Morocco, of different denominations.

Mr. Vaux read a notice by himself of a find of Anglo-Saxon coins at Upper Chancton Farm, near Steyning, Sussex.

Mr. Madden read a notice by himself of the coins purchased for the national collection from that of the late Due de Blacas.

Mr. Home communicated an account of a discovery of Roman silver coins at Gillingwood Hall, near Richmond, York- shire. They are fourteen in number, and range in date from the Consular coinage down to the time of Yespasian.

6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

MARCH 21, 1867.

W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair. J. Clay Lucas, Esq., F.S.A., and M. E. C. Phillips, Esq., were elected members of the Society.

The following presents were announced and laid on the table :—

1. Annuaire de la Socie'te' Numismatique Franfaise, 1866. From the Society.

2. Bulletins de la Socie'te' des Antiquaires de 1'Ouest, 1866. From the Society.

3. Bulletino di Numismatica Italiana. Anno I. Num. 2. From Dr. Caucich.

Mr. J. F. Neck exhibited a portion of a vase of grey earthen- ware, found at the Surrey Commercial Docks, and which con- tained 1,900 Roman copper coins of the age of Theodosius and Arcadius.

The Rev. J. H. Pollexfen exhibited a small silver British coin (Ev. F. No. 6) found with a coin of Domitian and other antiquities at Colchester.

Mr. Evans read a paper communicated by Mr. W. Blades, and entitled " Numismata Typographica ; or, the Medallic History of Printing." Several interesting and rare medals relating to printing were exhibited. — Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 137.

The Rev. A. Pownall read a paper by himself, " On certain silver coins of Henry VI. which form a connecting link with the first mintage of Edward IV." — Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 127.

APRIL 18, 1867. W. S. W. VAUX, President, in the Chair.

Hyde Clarke, Esq., and Alexander Dickson Mills, Esq., were elected members of the Society.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 7

Herr Pastor J. Leitzmann and Dr. Heinrich Meyer were elected honorary members of the Society.

The following presents were announced, and laid on the table :—

1. Catalogue of a selection of British and English coins exhibited under glass in the library of the Fitz- William Museum, by the Rev. Professor Churchill Babington, B.D. From the Author.

2. Rivista Numismatica Italiana, publicata da E. Maggiora- Vergano, vol. ii. Fasc. i. From the Editor.

3. Das Miinz-Mass- und Gewichts-Wesen in Vorder-Asien bis auf Alexander den Grossen, by J. Brandis, Leipzig, 1866. From the Author.

4. Revue Numismatique Beige, 4. ser. vol. v. 2me livraison. 1867. From the Society.

5. Jeton de Mariage, by R. Chalon. From the Author. Mr. C. Roach Smith exhibited impressions of a denarius of

Gordian III. and Tranquillina, found at Cowling, near Strood, and in the possession of Humphry Wickham, Esq. Obv. IMP. CAES. M. ANT. GORDIANVS AVG. Radiated bust of the emperor in paludamentum to the right. Rev. SABINIA TRANQVILLINA AVG. Draped bust of the empress to the right, surmounting a crescent. This coin is not mentioned by Cohen, who, however, cites one of Becker's forgeries with the same heads. Becker's legend, however, is IMP. GORDIANVS PIVS FEL. AVG., which at once distinguishes it from the present coin.

Mr. C. Roach Smith also exhibited a Merovingian or Frankish imitation of the Roman gold triens. It is of extremely bar- barous fabric, with unintelligible legends. It was found near By the, and is in the possession of H. B. Mackeson, Esq., F.G.S.

Mr. C. Roach Smith also noticed the discovery of an aureus of Avitus, at Hoo (Rev. VICTORIA AVGGG— Ex. CONOB), and of a denarius of Galba (Rev. ROMA RENASCES) and one of Barbia Orbiana, at Strood.

8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Evans exhibited impressions of two ancient British coins in gold (Evans, Plate B 8 and 10) found near Chequers Court, Aylesbury. They weigh 93 and 87 grains respectively. He also exhibited a 50 real piece in silver of Philip IV. of Spain, struck at Segovia in 1623.

Mr. Sharp exhibited a groat of Edward V., found at Towcester, having on the obverse the boar's head mint-mark, and on the reverse the rose and sun combined.

Mr. Akerman exhibited a penny of JEthelred II. of the Crux type, found at Little \Yittenham, Berks, bearing the name of the moneyer, DVR7VSILE MO BARD, the name being regarded by him as an equivalent of " door -sill."

Professor Babington exhibited a cast of a copper British coin (Ev. pi. xiii. 11), probably found in Cheshire. * Mr. B. V. Head communicated a paper "On the coins of Edward the Confessor found at Chancton Farm, near Steyning, Sussex." — Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vii. p. 63.

MAY 16, 1867. W. FREUDENTHAL, Esq., M.D., Treasurer, in the Chair.

The following presents were annoiinced, and laid on the table :—

1. Proceedings of the Manchester Numismatic Society. Part iv. 1867. From the Society.

. 2. Publications de la Socie"te pour la recherche et la conser- vation des Monuments historiques dans la Grand Duch6 de Luxembourg. Anndes 1865-6. Parts xx., xxi. From the Society.

3. Bulletino di Nuinismatica Ttaliana. Ann. I., Jan., Feb., No. 2. From Dr. Caucich.

The Rev. T. Cornthwaite exhibited an earthenware imitation of the type of the coins of Sicily, which appeared to be of modern fabrication.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 9

Mr. Lambert exhibited a tekal, as a specimen of the coinage of Siam.

Dr. Freudenthal noticed from the Numismatische Zeitung of Weissensee, a report of a find of groats of Henry V. and Edward III. and IV. at Stamford, Lincolnshire, in which the writer suggested that the coins of Edward IV. must be those of Edward the Black Prince, being unaware of the long period during which the coin of Edward III. remained in circulation.

JUNE 20, 18C7. ANNIVERSARY MEETING,

W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., President, in the Chair.

The minutes of the last Anniversary Meeting were read and confirmed. The Report of the Council was then read to the Meeting : —

GENTLEMEN, — In accordance with the usual custom of the Society, the Council have the honour to lay before you their Annual Report as to the state of the Numismatic Society, at this, another Anniversary Meeting.

The Council regret to have to announce their loss by death of the five following members : —

George Eastwood, Esq.

Edward Hawkins, Esq., F.S.A.

Rev. Henry Meason.

Rev. H. J. B. Nicholson, D.D., F.S.A.

George Henry Virtue, Esq., F.S.A. and by resignation of,

Lieut. -Col. Fraser.

J. G. Grenfell, Esq.

J. Leckenby, Esq., F.G.S.

E. J. Powell, Esq.

A. G. Scott, Esq.

10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

In consequence of the non-payment of subscription for several years the name of G. G. Brooks has, by order of the Council, been erased from the list of members.

On the other hand the Council have much pleasure in record- ing the election of the six following members : —

Hyde Clarke, Esq. Gaston Feuardent, Esq. W. G. Heppel, Esq. John Clay Lucas, Esq., F.S.A. A. Dickson Mills, Esq. M.E. C.Phillips, Esq.

and of the five following well-known Numismatists as Honorary Members : —

Dr. Joseph Hitter von Bergmann. Dr. P. O. Van der Chijs.1 Herr Pastor J. Leitzmann Dr. Heinrich Meyer. Dr. L. Miiller.

According to our Secretary's Report, our numbers are there- fore as follows : —

Original. Elected. Honorary. Total.

Members, June, 1866 . . 7 120 37 164

Since elected . — 6 5 11

	7 . . 1	126 4	42	175 5
Resigned •		5	-	5
		1		1
Members, June, 1867	. . 6	116	42	164

1 Since this \vas written we regret to have to record the death of M. le Professor P. O. Van der Chijs, who expired at Leyden on the 4th of November, 1867. \Ve hope to give a notice of this distinguished Numismatist at the next annual meeting.

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 11

We proceed to give a brief notice of some of the friends whom we have lost. First among these stands the name of Mr. EDWARD HAWKINS, F.S.A., who for many years took a warm interest in the affairs of this Society. From his early years he devoted much time and attention to the study of coins generally, and to the collection of a remarkably complete series of English medals (now in the National Collection). Hence, on the death of Mr. Taylor Combe, in 1826, he was deservedly appointed Keeper of the Antiquities in the British Museum— an office he held, greatly to the advantage of the students of Art as well as of Antiquities, till the end of the year, 1860. Daring the period of his Keepership, Mr. Hawkins published several valuable works on Numismatic subjects, all of which con- tain numerous plates, drawn with scrupulous accuracy under his own eye, chiefly by the late Messrs. Corbould and Fairholt. As such may be mentioned " An Account of the Anglo-Gallic Coins in the British Museum," and " The Silver Coins of England," which is still, and has been ever since it was published, the text-book on the subject. Mr. Hawkins also prepared and put in type fifteen years since a considerable portion of a complete history of all known English medals, under the title of " Numismata Britannica." This work, it is understood, is now in progress towards completion, and will shortly be made public. Mr. Hawkins was for many years Fellow and Vice -President of the Koyal Society, Fellow and President of the Numismatic Society, and Vice -President of the Society of Antiquaries. To the Transactions of each of the two last Societies he gave many valuable papers ; and as keeper of his own department of the Museum, he contributed much to the efficiency and accuracy of the eighth, ninth, and tenth Parts of the " Account of the Ancient Marbles in the British Museum," printed between the years 1839 and 1845, at the expense of the Trustees.1 He died at his house in

1 For this notice we are indebted to the Atlienaum of June 15, 1867.

12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Lower Berkeley Street, on the 22nd of May, 1867, in the 88th year of his age.

The Rev. HENRY JOSEPH BOONE NICHOLSON, D.D., F.S.A., an Honorary Canon of Rochester Cathedral, was the son of the Rev. J. Payler Nicholson, formerly Rector of St. Albans, to which rectory he was himself instituted in the year 1835. Living in the immediate neighbourhood of the ancient city of Verulanium, and being moreover rector of the magnifi- cent abbey church of St. Albans, for which he had a deep affection, it would have been strange indeed if he had not evinced antiquarian tastes. His handbook to the Abbey of St. Albans is a model work of its kind, and shows, not only a thorough acquaintance with the various styles of architec- ture exhibited in the building, but a large amount of varied historical research. His Numismatic collection was principally of a local character; Lut he took an interest in all coins in any way connected with English history. Though not a frequent attendant at our meetings, he was for upwards of five years a member of this Society.

He died on the 27th of July, 18G6, at the age of 71, uni- versally regretted.

The late Mr. GEORGE HENRY VIRTUE, F.S.A., was elected a member of this Society in November, 1856, and accepted the office of Treasurer, on the retirement of Mr. Bergne in June, 1857, an office which he retained until the day of his death, May 21st, 1866, at the early age of 39. He was the eldest son of Mr. George Virtue, the well-known publisher of the Art-Journal, in the City Road, and was himself for many years a partner in the firm of Hall and Virtue, publishers, in Paternoster Row, where also latterly he carried on the same business in partnership with his brother. Although he never communicated any Paper to this Society, his antiquarian tastes were evinced by the publication, under his auspices, of

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 13

more than one of the works of the late Mr. Fairholt, and of Mr. Wright, while his genial manner and uniform good-nature gained him the esteem of all those who were brought in con- tact with him.

The late Mr. GEORGE EASTWOOD was known to many members of this Society, not only as a dealer, but as a re- markably good judge, more especially of Greek and Roman coins, and as possessing considerable knowledge in other branches'of archaeology than Numismatics. For some years he carried on business in Fore Street, subsequently in the City Road, and of late years at 27, Hay market. He was carried off by consumption on October 15th, 1866, in the 47th year of his age.

The Council can congratulate the Society upon the comple- tion of the sixth volume of the New Series of the Chronicle, which at present shows no sign of falling off for want of good material. It cannot, however, be expected to retain its repu- tation without assistance from the members.

The Report of the Treasurer is as follows : —

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. 15

The Meeting then proceeded to ballot for the officers of the ensuing year, when the following gentlemen were elected : —

President. W. S. W. VAUX, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., F.K.A.S.

Vice -Presidents. J. B. BERGNE, ESQ., F.S.A.

UT. HON. THE EARL OF ENNISKILLEN, Hon. D.C.L., F.R.S., F.G.S.

Treasurer. W. FREUDENTHAL, ESQ., M J).

Secretaries.

JOHN EVANS, ESQ., F.RS , F.S.A , F.G.S. FREDERIC W. MADDEN, ESQ.

foreign Secretary. JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, ESQ., F.S.A.

Librarian.

BUTTON FRASER CORKRAN, ESQ.

Members of the Council.

REV. PROF. CHURCHILL BABINGTON, B.D.

S. BIRCH, ESQ., LL.D., F.S.A.

JOHN DAVIDSON, ESQ.

BARCLAY VINCENT HEAD, ESQ.

W. STAVENHAGEN JONES, ESQ.

J. F. NECK, ESQ.

EEV. ASSHETON POWNALL, M.A., F.S.A.

J. S. SMALLFIELD, ESQ.

E. WHITBOURN, ESQ., F.S.A.

J. WILLIAMS, ESQ., F.S.A.

The Society then adjourned until October 17th, 18G7.

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

DECEMBER, 1867.

LIST OF MEMBERS

OF THE

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

OF LONDON, DECEMBER, 1867.

An Asterisk prefixed to a name indicates that the Member has compounded for his annual contribution. (0.11.) = Original Member.

ALLEN, WILLIAM, ESQ., North Yiila, Winchmore Hill, Southgate. ANDERSON, COLONEL WILLIAM, C.B., 19, Gloucester Square. ARNOLD, THOMAS JAMES, ESQ., 59, Harley Street.

*BABINGTON, REV. PROF. CHURCHILL, B.D., M.R.S.L., Cockfield

Rectory, Sudbury, Suffolk.

'BAGG, STANLEY C., ESQ., Fairmount Villa, Montreal, Canada. / BARTON, WILLIAM HENRY, ESQ., Royal Mint, Tower Hill. v- BAYLEY, E. CLIVE, ESQ., H.E.I.C.S., India, (o. M.) BERGNE, JOHN B., ESQ., E.S. A., Foreign Office, Downing Street.

Vice-President.

BIRCH, SAMUEL, ESQ., LL.D., E.S.A., British Museum. BLADES, WILLIAM, ESQ , 11, Abchurch Lane. BOYNE, WILLIAM, ESQ., E.S.A., 4, Lindsey Row, Chelsea. >CBRENT, CECIL, ESQ., 7, Albert Street, Momington Crescent.

BUNBUHY, EDWARD H., ESQ., M.A., E.G.S., 35, St. James's Street. BURNS, EDWARD, ESQ., 13, Bank Street, Edinburgh. ^ BUSH, COLONEL TOBIN, 14, St. James's Square.

7^ CANE, HENRY, ESQ., 6, Clifton Road, Anglesea Road, Peckham. >C CHAMBERS, MONTAGUE, ESQ., Q.C., Child's Place, Temple Bar. y CLARKE, HYDE, ESQ., 32, St. George's Square.

COOMBS, ARTHUR, ESQ., M.A., High West Street, Dorchester. ACooTE, HENRY CHARLES, ESQ., Doctors' Commons.

CORKRAN, SUTTON ERASER, ESQ., British Museum, Librarian.

*CORNTHWAITE, KEY. TULLIE, M.A.; Forest, Walthamstow.

1 LIST OF MEMBERS.

IP, AKTIIUR, ESQ., Stockholm Bank, Stockholm.

4

DAVIDSON, JOHN, ESQ., 14, St. George's Place, Hyde Park Corner. DAVY, GEORGE BAYNTON, ESQ., 18, Sussex Square, Hyde Park, (o. M.) DICKINSON, W. BINLEY, ESQ., 5, Lansdowne Circus, Leamington. DRYDEN, SIR HENRY, BART., Canon's Ashby, Daventry.

EADES, GEORGE, ESQ., Evesham, Worcestershire.

ENNISKILLEN, RIGHT HON. THE EAEL OP, HON. D.C.L., F.R.S., F.G.S.,

M.R.I.A., Florence Court, Enniskillen, Ireland, Vice-President. EVANS, JOHN, ESQ., F.R.S., F.S.A., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead,

and 65, Old Bailey, Secretary. EVANS, SEBASTIAN, ESQ., M.A., 145, Highgate, Birmingham.

FARROW, MORLEY, ESQ., M.R.S.L., 23, Clifton Gardens, Maida If ill,

and Bridgewick Hall, Chapel, near Halstead, Essex. FEUARDENT, GASTON, ESQ., 27, Haymarket. FORSTER, W., ESQ., Carlisle.

GENERAL, Addison Road, Kensington.

FHANKS, AUGUSTUS* WOLLASTON, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., British Museum. FREUDENTHAL, W., ESQ., M.D., 71, Kennington Park Road, Treasurer.

(TOLDING, CHARLES, ESQ., 16, Blomfield Terrace. GREENWELL, REV. WILLIAM, M.A., Durham.

*GUEST, EDWIN, ESQ., LL.D., D.C.L., Master of Caius College, Cam- bridge. GUNSTON, T. D. E., ESQ., 80, Upper Street, Islington.

HAKDY, WILLIAM, ESQ., F.S.A., Duchy of Lancaster Office, Somerset

House.

HAIIFORD, REV. F. K., M.A., F.S.A., Dean's Yard, Westminster. IIABT WRIGHT, JOHN HENRY, ESQ., 16A, Terrace, Kennington Park. HARVEY, WILLIAM, ESQ., F.S.A., 3, Cliffo, Lewes. H\Y, MAJOR, H.E.I.C.S., Stanford HOUSP, Upper Norwood. HEAD, BARCLAY VINCENT, ESQ., British Museum. HEPPEL, W. G., ESQ., 76, Cambridge Street, Pimlico. REWARD, PETER, ESQ., Cole Orton, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch. HOLT, HENKY FREDERIC, ESQ., 6, King's Road, Clapham Park. , JOHN, ESQ., 40, Upper Hyde Park Gardens. J. MoKTiMEK, Efcq., 150, fcew Lund Street.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

JENNINGS, ROBERT, ESQ., 4, East Park Terrace, Southampton. JOHNSTON, W. H., ESQ., St. Antholin's Rectory House, 51, Wailin£<

Street, E.G.

s, JAMES COVE, ESQ., F.S.A., Loxley, Wellesbourne, Warwick. JONES, W. STAVES HAGEN, ESQ., 79£, Graceclmrch Street, City. JONES, THOMAS, ESQ., Llanerchrugog Hall, Wales, and 2, Plowdeu's

Buildings, Temple. J UDD, CHARLES, ESQ., 3, Union Place, Lower Edmonton.

LAMBERT, GEORGK, ESQ., 10, Coventry Street. ! .FATHER, C. J., ESQ., North Grounds Villa, Portsea, Portsmouth. ILN, FREDERICK W., ESQ., 462, New Oxford Street. VE, DR. L., M.R.A.S., 46, Buckingham Place, Brighton. LONGSTAFFE, W. HELTON DYER, ESQ., 3, Ravensworth Terrace

Gateshead. LUCAS, JOHN CLAY, ESQ., F.S.A., Lewes, Surrey.

MADDEN, FREDERIC WILLIAM, ESQ., British Museum, Secretary. MARSDEN, REV. J. H., B.D., Great Oakley Rectory, Harwich, Y MAYER, Jos., ESQ., F.S.A., 68, Lord Street, Liverpool.

;>LETON, SIR GEORGE N. BROKE, BART., C.B., ShrubUnd Park,

and Broke Hall, Suffolk.

MILLS, A. DICRSON, ESQ., Brook House, Godalming. MOORE, GENERAL, Junior U.S. Club. MuRCiiisoN, CAPTAIN, R.M., Bath. (o. M.) MUSGRAVE, SIR GEORGE, BART., F.S.A., Edcnhall, Peimtli.

NECK, J. F., ESQ., Hereford Chambers, 10, Hereford Street, Park Lane, (o. M.) NICHOLS, J. GOUGH, ESQ., P.S.A., 25, Parliament Street. NORRIS, EDWIN, ESQ., F.S.A., 6, St. Michael's Grove, Brompton.

OLDFIELD, EDMUND, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., 61, Pall Mall.

*PERHY, MARTEN, ESQ., M.D., &c., &c., Evesham, Worcestershire.

(o. M.) PFISTER, JOHN GEORGE, ESQ., British Museum.

PHILLIPS, Moss EDMUND COULDERY, ESQ., Mount Granville House,

Lewi sham.

POLLEXEEN, REV. J. H., M.A., St. Mary's Terrace, Colchester. POOLE, REGINALD STUART, ESQ., British Museum. POWNALL, REV. ASSHETON, M.A., F.S.A., South Kilworth, Rugby.

f> LIST OF MEMBERS.

, W. LAKE, ESQ., 2, Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park. I'ITLLAN, RICHARD, ESQ., M.R.I.B.A., 15, Clifford's Inn.

RASIILEIGH, JONATHAN, ESQ., 3, Cumberland Terrace, Regent's Park. HAWLINSON, MAJOR-GENERAL SIR HENRY C., K.C.B., M.P., HON.

D.C.L., F.R.S., 1, Hill Street, Berkeley Square. *READE, REV. J. B., F.R.S., Bishopsbourne Rectory, Canterbury. ROBINSON, T. W. U., ESQ., Houghton-le-Spring, Durham. ROLFE, H. W., ESQ., 3, Punderson Place, Bethnal Greeu Road. ROSTRON, SIMPSON, ESQ., 11, King's Bench Walk, Temple. ROUGHTON, J. W., ESQ., 9, Bedford Place, Russell Square.

SALIS, J. F. W. DE, ESQ., Hillingdon Place, Uxbridge.

:r, SAMUEL, ESQ., F.S.A., F.G.S., Dallington Hall, Northampton. SIM, GEORGE, ESQ., F.S.A.E., 7, Cambridge Street, Edinburgh. SMALLFIELD, J. S., ESQ., 10, Little Queen Street. SMITH, SAMUEL, ESQ., Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire. SMITH, SAMUEL, ESQ., JUN., 8, Croxteth Road, Princess Park,

Liverpool. SOTHEBY, MRS. LEIGH, care of Edw. Hodge, Esq., 13, Wellington

Street, Strand.

SPENCE, ROBERT, ESQ , 4, Rosella Place, North Shields. SriCER, FREDERICK, ESQ., Godalming, Surrey.

STRICKLAND, MRS. WALTER, 217, Strada San Paolo, Yaletta, Malta. STUBBS, CAPTAIN, R.H.A., Dromiskin, Castle Bellingham,Louth, Ireland. SWITHENBANK, GEORGE EDWIN, ESQ., Newcastle-on-Tyne.

TAYLOR, CHARLES R., ESQ., 2, Montague Street, Russell Square. THOMAS, EDWARD, ESQ., H.E.I.C.S., 4, Madeley Villas, Victoria Road,

Kensington.

TINSON, HAROLD, ESQ., Audit Office, Great Western Railway. TURNER, CAPTAIN FREDERICK. C. POLHILL, Howbury Hall, Bedfordshire.

VAUX, W. SANDYS WRIGHT, ESQ., M.A., F.S.A., M.R.A.S., British

Museum, President.

VEITCH, GEORGE SETON, ESQ,, 13, Castle Terrace, Edinburgh. VIRTUE, JAMES SPRENT, ESQ., 294, City Road.

WADDINGTON, W. H., ESQ., 14, Rue Fortin, Faubourg St. Honore, Paris. WARREN, HON. J. LEICESTER, M.A., 32A, Brook Street, Grosvenor Square.

LIST OF MEMBERS. 7

WEATIIERLEY, REV. C.

W::T?STER, W., ESQ., 6, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. WHITBOURN, RICHARD, ESQ., F.S.A., Bank, Godalining. * WHITE, JAMES, ESQ., M.P., 14, Chichester Terrace, Brighton. WIGAN, EDWARD, ESQ., 17, Highbury Terrace. WILKINSON, JOHN, ESQ., F.S.A., 3, Wellington Street, Strand. r(o. M.) WILLIAMS, JOHN, ESQ., F.S.A., Royal Astronomical Society,

Somerset House.

*WILSON, FREDERICK, ESQ., Mason's Avenue, Basinghall Street. *WINGROVE, DRUMMOND BOND, ESQ., 30, Wood Street, Cheapside. *WooD, SAMUEL, ESQ., F.S.A., The Abbey, Shrewsbury. WORMS, GEORGE, ESQ., 27, Park Crescent, Regent's Park.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

ADRIAN, DR. J. D., Giessen.

AKERMAN, J. YONGE, ESQ., F.S.A., Abingdon, Berkshire.

BARTHELEMY, M. A. DE, 39, Rue d'Amsterdam, Paris. BERGMANN, DR. JOSEPH RITTER VON, Director of the K.K. Miinz-und- Antiken Cabinet, Vienna.

CASTELLANOS, SENOR DON BASILIO SEBASTIAN, 80, Rue S. Bernardo

Madrid.

CIIALON, M. RENIER, 24, Rue de la Senne, Brussels. CLERCQ, M. J. LE, Brussels. COCHET, M. L'ABBE", 128, Rue d'Ecosse, Dieppe. COHEN, M. HENRI, 46, Rue de la Tour d'Auvergne, Paris. COLSON, DR. ALEXANDRE, Noyon (Oise), France.

DELGADO, DON ANTONIO.

DORN, DR. BERNHARD, Actuel Conseiller d'etat, St. Petersburg.

GONZALES, CAV. CARLO, Palazzo Ricasqli, Via delle Termc, Florence GROTE, DR. H., Hanover. GROTEFEND, DR. C. L., Hanover. GUIOTH, M. LEON, Liege.

8 LIST OF MEMBERS.

HA in-, A. WELLINGTON, ESQ., 10, Ex. Place, New York. HILDEBRAND, M. EMIL BEOR, Direct. du Mus6e d'AntiquHe's ct du

Cab. des Medailles, Stockholm. HOLMBOE, PROF., Direct, du Cab. des Medailles, Christiana.

K(EirNE, M. LE BARON DE, Actuel Conseiller d'etat et Conseiller du Muse*e de 1'Ermitage Imperiale, St. Petersburg.

LAPLANE, M. EDOUARD, St. Omer.

LEEMANS, DR. CONRAD, Direct, du Musee d'Antiquites, Leyden. LEITZMANN, HERR PASTOR J., Weissensee, Thiiringen, Saxony. Lis Y RIVES, SENOR DON V. BERTRAN DE, Madrid.

M. XDRIEN DE, Mus6e du Louvre, Paris.

MEYER, DR. HEINRICH, im Berg, Zurich.

MINERVINI, CAV. GIULIO, Rome.

MULLER, DR. L-, Insp. du Cab. des Medailles, Copenhagen.

NAMUR, DR. A., Luxembourg.

OSTEN, THE BARON PROKESCH D', Constantinople.

PERTUES, M. JACQUES BOUCHER DE CREVECOEUR DE, Abbeville.

RICCIO, M. GENNARO, Naples.

SABATIER, M. J., 6, Rue Cbuchois, Montmartre, Paris. SAULCY, M. F. DE,^, Rue du Cirque, Paris. SAUSSAYE, M. DE LA, 34, Rue de I'Universite, Paris. Six, M. J. P., Amsterdam. ^LOMA f/lMjJM* SMITH, DR. AQUILLA, M.R.I. A., 121, Baggot Street, Dublin. SMITH, C. ROACH, ESQ., F.S.A., Temple Place, Strood, Kent.

VALLERSANI, IL PROP., Florence. VERACHTER, M. FREDERICK, Antwerp.

WITTE, M. LE BARON DE, 5, Rue Fortin, Faubourg St. Honore", Paris.

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE,

i.

ON SOME RARE OR UNPUBLISHED ROMAN MEDALLIONS.

[Read before the Numismatic Society, January 17, 186?.]

WE have lately been favoured by ray colleague, Mr. Madden, with an account containing much valuable in- formation with regard to several interesting Roman medallions, recently added to the collection in the British Museum; and though it is impossible for any private collector to compete with the national collection, especially in the acquisition of such princely pieces as Roman medallions, yet it so happens that I possess three speci- mens of that class, two of which I believe to be hitherto unpublished, and the other of great rarity, and of which, therefore, some notice may be acceptable to this Society. The first is of middle brass size, and struck undei Antoninus Pius.

Obv. — ANTONINVS AVG. PIVS P.P. TR.P. COS. IIII. Laureate bust of Antoninus to the right, the neck bare.

fiev. — Uninscribed. Youthful male figure, nude, stand- ing to the left, the right hand on a staff, which rests on the ground, and around which a ser-

VOL. VI 1 . N.S. B

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

pent is entwined ; in the left hand drapery. In front a tall cippus, on which is a central stem, with three basins (?) around it, one below the other ; behind, a tree. (M. 8, PI. I. No. 1.)

Though of small size, the absrncs of the S. C., and the gem-like character of the wcrk, prove this piece to be a medallion, rather than a coin. It is in fair, through not absolutely fine preservation, and unpatinated.

Owing to the absence of the year of the Tribunitian Power, it is impossible to fix, exactly, the date of this medallion ; it belongs, however, to the period between the years A.D. 145 and 161. The medallion of Antoninus, Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. vi. pi. x. 3, which was struck in A.D. 156, is of the same class ; the tree in the background being a common adjunct of the period.

The device of the reverse is by no means of easy in- terpretation. At first sight the serpent coiled around the wand would suggest that the principal figure was that of .ZEsculapius. We know, however, that the god of healing was usually represented with a beard, and at all events partially draped, though there are instances in which the nude and unbearded figure has been considered from the accessory attributes to have been intended for jEsculapius. As to the beard, indeed, it is on record that Dionysius, Tyrant of Syracuse, removed it from his statues, assigning as a reason that it was improper that ^sculapius should be worshipped bearded, while his father, Apollo, was beardless.

It will be remembered that on the small medallion of Hadrian, in the British Museum, which resembles this of Antoninus in size and the gem-like character of its workmanship, and which was described by Mr. Madden, in the Numismatic Chronicle, N.S., vol. i. p. 97, Salus

ROMAN MEDALLIONS. 3

is accompanied by a youthful figure, naked, but having a mantle flowing from his left shoulder, over the arm, and holding a " scipio," round which is entwined a serpent. This figure has been regarded as that of ^Escu- lapius, of young Hercules, of Antoninus, or of Apollo, in which latter case the statue on the pedestal behind, which appears to be that of Apollo, has to be considered as that of some other god.

In the case of some large brass coins of Galba, of which one is in the British Museum, and another, with a different obverse, is in the French collection (Cohen, Nos. 221 and 222), the device of the reverse, a stand- ing naked figure holding a wand, around which is entwined a serpent, is described by Cohen as either a beardless ^Esculapius or Apollo. Mionnet seems to have described the one coin as bearing ^Esculapius, and the other Apollo. Vaillant describes the figure as having a patera in the right hand, and is inclined to regard it as Apollo.

From a similar figure occurring on pieces struck under Galba, Hadrian, and Antoninus, it appears probable that some statue well known at the time was represented. We have not any record, that I am acquainted with, of any such statue of Apollo Alexicacus or Salutaris, but I am inclined to think that the figure on these medallions and coins is that of Apollo, under some such attributes. The Apollo Salutaris of the time of Trebonianus Gallus has usually a branch of laurel in his right hand, and his lyre lying at his side; but that affords no argument against the figure we are now considering being equally that of Apollo. A valid reason for doubting it to be the representation of ^Esculapius is to be found in the fact that on the medallion (Cohen, No. 382) struck during

M Ml>\! ATK CHKOXICLE.

the third Consulate of Antoninus, we have a different but apparently unquestionable representation of that divinity holding the staff with the serpent twined around it. So unquestionably, indeed, does the figure appear to be that of ^Esciilapius, that M. Cohen does not mention whether it is draped or undraped, bearded or unbearded ; but if the representation of the medallion given in the ' ' Musei Pisani Numismata," tab. xv. fig. 1, can be trusted, he is enveloped in a mantle, leaving only a portion of the body and the right arm bare, and is decidedly bearded. On the medallion bearing the legend AESCVLAPIVS he appears under the form of a serpent only, on the prow of a vessel in the Tiber, the whole scene commemorating the embassy to Epidaurus. On another medallion, also of Antoninus (Cohen, No. 429 ; Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 33), we have JEsculapius seated before an altar, and accom- panied by Salus, standing. The ordinary representation of ^sculapius occurring therefore on more than one medallion of this period, it seems impossible that he should appear on others under a totally different form ; and I think, therefore, we must accept the youthful nude figure with the serpent around his staff as that of some other divinity, probably Apollo. Whether the tree be- hind is introduced merely for the sake of filling up the blank space in the field, or is to be regarded as the laurel, sacred to Apollo, may be an open question, as must also be that of the signification of the object upon the column in front of the figure, more especially as it is unfortu- nately not sufficiently distinct for its exact character to be ascertained. It has, however, much the appearance of being a military standard, placed upon a column or cippus. The next medallion to which I wish to call attention is, like the first, unpublished. It is of Septimius Severus.

ROMAN MEDALLIONS. ;j

Obv..— L. SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVG. IMP. III. Laureate bust to the right in the paludainentum.

fiev.—VICT. AVG. P.M. TR.P. II. COS. II. P.P. Victory inarching rapidly to the right, her right hand extended and holding a garland, with her left carrying a palm-branch over her shoulder. (JE. 13J. PI. I. No. 2.)

Unfortunately this large and originally very fine medal- lion has suffered much by oxidation, especially on the obverse. The reverse is fairly preserved, and the design of the Victory is in the best style of art of the period, the figure being boldly, yet gracefully drawn, and the propor- tions good.

It differs from the nearly analogous medallion pub- lished by Cohen, No. 474, merely in the size, and in having been struck a year earlier, or in the second year of the Tribunitian Power, A.D. 194, instead of the third, A.D. 195. A medallion like that described by Cohen is engraved in the " Musei Pisani Numismata," tab. xxxiii. No. 2.

The type is common, and appears to have been adopted by Severus, even in his first year, whether on the occa- sion of a victory over Pescennius, or by his generals over some barbarous nation, is, as Eckhel says, uncertain. The date of the medallion now under consideration falls in with that of the important battle of Issus, in which Pescennius Niger was conquered, and soon afterwards taken and decapitated.

The medallion, as is so commonly the case with these large pieces, is carefully struck, so that the position of the devices on the obverse and reverse agree in such a manner that the head of Victory is exactly opposite to or underneath the upper part of the head of the Emperor.

6 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

On either side of the Victory, about midway between her head and the exergual line, are two small pivot-holes, drilled into the edge of the coin. These holes are a little above the centre of the medallion, so that when pivots are placed in them, it hangs in a vertical position, with the lower part of the bust and the feet of the Victory downwards. It would seem then, like many other similar pieces, to have been mounted in some kind of frame, and not improbably may have served as the centre- piece of a military standard. The bronze head of a vexillum, the central ring of which would be well adapted for framing such a medallion, will be found engraved in the " Archaeological Association Journal/7 vol. xiii. p. 316. The remaining medallion of which I have to speak is of Gailienus and his son Saloninus. It has already been published by Cohen (No. 4), who cites it from Mionnet.

Ofo.—CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM. Bare bust of Saloninus to the right in the pain d amentum, facing the laureate bust of Gailienus to the left in the paludamentum and cuirass.

Rev.— "VICTORIA. AVGVSTORVM. The two Em- perors, in military costume, facing each other, and holding conjointly a small globe, on which is a Victory with a garland and palm-branch ; behind the Emperors, on each side, a soldier holding a spear, tho one to the left holds also a standard. (J3. 11. PI. I. No. 3.)

This medallion, like others of the period, is thick, very circular, and with the edges very square, almost as if struck in a collar. The workmanship is coarse, and the letters rather rounded, and there is somewhat of acontor- niate appearance about the outer circle, which, however, is not concentric with the coin. Though not entirely above all suspicion, I believe this medallion to^ be genuine, the

ROMAN MEDALLIONS. 7

patination, especially of the edge, being such as would hardly be counterfeited.

The device of the reverse differs in some minute par- ticulars from that described by Mionnet, and by Vaillant, from the Museum Theupolum ; as, for instance, in one of the soldiers holding both a spear and a standard.

The practice of placing the portraits of the Emperor and his son facing each other on medallions, with the legend, CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM, and with no means of identifying the Augusti under whom they were struck, except their portraits, commenced under the Philips, and so difficult is it to determine from the portraits alone which of the Emperors are represented, that there is some uncertainty whether this medallion should not be regarded as bearing the heads of Philip the father and son rather than of Gallienus and Saloninus. Vaillant indeed mentions a medallion with a similar reverse, but having the heads not only of the two Philips, but of Otacilia also, on the obverse. If such a piece really exists, it would afford a strong argument in favour of assigning this medallion to the Philips also. There is, however, such an identity between the obverse and that of the medallion in the British Museum with ADVENTVS AVGG. on the reverse, which appears to be rightly as- signed to Gallienus and his son, that I suspect there may have been some mistake in the " Eadem capita" of Vaillant, and that he intended to refer to two heads only, and not to three. If so, it is probable that he has described the same type both under Philip and Gallienus, and we shall be justified in classing the ADVENTVS AVGG. and CONCORDIA AVGVSTORVM medallions together, and assigning both types to Gallienus and Saloninus. JOHN EVANS.

II.

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL, IN THE COUNTY OF LEICESTER.

WITH REMARKS ON MONEY OF THE CALAIS MINT. [Read before the Numismatic Society, November 15, 1866.]

IT would have been highly convenient for unspeculative collectors of English coins, if our early kings had only dated the money they issued, caused numerals to be placed after the names inscribed on their coins, and given us a distinct type for each reign. In that case a cabinet would have looked like a well- kept garden ; numismatic study, if less engaging, would have been more precise ; and the uncertainties must have been avoided which so often dis- turb the coin theories of our time. That our Norman kings and their successors did not do this, adds something, however, in my estimation, to the interest one feels in their coins ; because those of us who look for correct attribution must oftentimes, perforce of circumstance, be content to find it in other ways, perhaps laboriously. And is there no pleasure in this ? Numismatists now taste something of the excitement of the chase, when they are compelled to beat every bush of knowledge, and hunt up mere scraps of evidence, that they may exchange uncertainty for certainty as regards a Rufus, a Fifth Edward, or a doubtful Henry. These have often been

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 9

my thoughts when I have again locked up the hoard of coins about to be described, after an evening apparently spent in a fruitless examination of it. I only wish that, after many evenings spent on them, I could offer more in the way of information to the members of this Society ; but since records of the finds of the fifteenth century are not abundant in the pages of the Numismatic Chronicle, it seems desirable for us to multiply them ; because who can say that the cloud which hangs over our own know- ledge of the moneys of that period, shall not in some future day be removed partly by the help of our investigations ?

On the 5th of August, 1864, certain men were employed in levelling ground in the gateway of a farm at Holwell, in Leicestershire, when they discovered about 900 English silver coins, of values ranging from the halfpenny to the groat, and of kings' reigns from that of Edward I. to Henry VI., inclusive. The find underwent some filtering in the neighbourhood, there is no doubt, but it was quickly claimed for the Crown, as treasure-trove ; a claim, by the way, which I, for one, should like to see the Crown renounce, touching bullion in quantities despicably small for royalty to stoop at. After an interval of six months or more, between 700 and 800 of these coins passed under the inspection of our President, the learned " custos monetse " at the British Museum ; and then to his courtesy was I indebted for such of them, by purchase of the Treasury, as were not required for the national collection.

The following list presents an analysis of the whole find ; while a letter addressed to me by Mr. Longstaffe contains the results of his careful examination of a number of the smaller pieces which I had the pleasure of submitting to him. It is quite unnecessary for me to

VOL. VII. N.S. C

10

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

express my own sense of the value of his remarks, on a subject known to us all as being highly difficult.

Kings.	Mints.	Coins.	Number.	Condition.	Eemarks.
Edward I., II.	London	Pennies	25	v. poor
Edward III.		Groats	43	}J
	B	£- groats	46	M
	York	Groat	1	„
	M	^-groats	4	„
		Pennies	3	„
	tt	Halfpenny	1	„
			98
Richard II.	London	Penny	1	„
	York	M	2 q	M
Henry IV.	London	Groats	— o 2	Fair	( Both groats rather ( less than 60 gr.
	York	Penny	1	„	The penny also light.
			— 3
Henry V. VI.	London Calais	Groats £ groats Groats i-groats	59 8 277 56	( Fair to \ fine f Usually \ fine to { v. fine.	Types IX. XT. Haw- kins, "Anglo-Gallic," pp. 81, 82.
	Durham	Pennies	3	Poor
	York	Groats	2	Fair
	M	Pennies,
	some illegible, and	219	A few
	some catalogued by		fine
	Mr. Longstaffe.	624
Robert III. of Scotland.	Perth	Groat	1
			754

It will be seen by this list that about two-thirds of the Holwell find bear the name ^anKICtYS ; and I am afraid, of that large number a very few only can with posi- tive certainty be attributed to one or other of the Henries. Even the two rare groats struck at York, now in the Museum, which by some would be claimed for Henry VI., may be given to him with a certain degree of questioning by others. At least I myself am not prepared to say no coins were struck at York in Henry V/s time, in the face

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 11

of that ordinance, made by his parliament (in 1421), that a mint should be worked there for the relief of the northern counties. There are York pennies of Henry IV., but I suppose no mint records exist to account for them. So too regarding these York groats : without being able to say that the reference made in Henry VI. 's second year (1423) to the previous working of the mint at York demonstrates the coinage of money in that town during the former king's reign, I do say it should leave it as a question more open than it is wont to be made ; and if un- determined questions like this are unsatisfactory, questions determined on insufficient evidence are more unsatisfactory still. In the remarks about to follow I trust so sound a principle of judgment may not seem to have been neglected. A single glance at the foregoing list shows how much of the Hoi well find consists of the ordinary Calais groats and half groats. There are no fewer than 345 coins, out of the 754 which came under my inspection. They bear one name only, that of Henry. To which Henry do they belong ? Clearly not to Henry IV. The ancient mint of Calais, established immediately after the surrender of the town to the forces of Edward III., was not at work, we have good reason to believe, during the first score years of the fifteenth century ; — I may say, from the beginning of Henry IV.' s reign, and throughout the greater part of his son's. It was only in 1421 that the mayor, constables, and merchants of the King's staple at Calais, made this representation1 concerning the pay- ment of their bonds of subsidy to the King's treasurer and victualler : " They " (the treasurer and victualler) ' ' would not receive any money but the King's nobles, which it

1 Ruding, vol. i. p. 264.

Ifc NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

was not in the power of the said mayor, &c., to give, unless the King had his mint and coinage there, as it was of ancient time" &c. &c. This, their representation, having been attended to, the mint was set again to work, and in the second parliament of that year (1421), held at Westminster, December 1, it was ordained, " Que la mynt du roi soit cunes et fait/' at Calais, " in the manner that it is made and governed in the Tower of London." Thus the ^eCRBIOCVS coins of our Anglo-Gallic possession came to be; probably not earlier than the beginning of 1422, and they are thus shut off from the possibility of a claim on behalf of the fourth Henry. This question remains ; can they be claimed for one, or both, of his im- mediate successors? Eight months only of that year had passed when Henry V. deceased, for he died on August 31, 1422 ; so that Calais money struck in his name must hold place in the short interval between December 1, 1421, and August 31, 1422. May this circumstance be borne in mind by those who continue to look on all that common class of Calais money, with the annulet or eyelet hole on each side of the king's head, as being coins of Henry V. As his money are they still considered by some, and as his money are they sometimes sold. Popular regard for the merits of such a king will account for this eagerness to clutch at some distinctive mark by which a coin of his day may be ascertained, but I apprehend the idea to be only a pleasing delusion, as its origin can be traced. S. M. Leake, the author of an account of English money, more than a century ago, appears to be the authority on which it rests. He says (2nd edition, 1745, p. 139) :— " The silver money (of Henry V.) is like his father's, and known from them only by two little circles, on each side the head, probably intended for eyelet holes,

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 13

from an odd stratagem when he was prince, whereby he recovered his father's favour, being then dressed in a suit full of eyelet holes." For this statement he cites both Stow and Speed.

Now the circumstance is indeed described in Stow, but nothing appears in Stow's account whereby we may connect the eyelet holes in the Prince of Wales's dress with the annulet mark on these coins. One must there- fore be excused for entering upon this subject with a minuteness it may scarcely seem to deserve, but the baseless opinion I have named exists more commonly than numismatists would imagine ; so John Stow's account of the scene shall be partly transcribed : —

" During the sicknesse of the king, some evill disposed people laboured to make dissension between the king and the prince, his sonne, by reason whereof .... the king suspected that he would presume to usurpe the crowne, he being alive, which suspicious jealousie was occasion that he in part withdrew his affection and singular love from the prince. But when the noble prince was adver- tised of his father's jealousie and mistrust, by some of his secret friends of the king's counsaile, he disguised himself in a gowne of blue satten, or damaske, wrought full of eyelet holes, and at every eyelet hole the needle wherewith it was made, hanging still by the silke," &c. (p. 339).

This is all that bears on the matter, yet can we say there is anything here to justify the attribution of pieces with the annulet mint-mark to Henry V. ? Snelling quotes Archbishop Sharpe, but dismisses the fancy in a few words. Archbishop Sharpe so ascribes them without stating any reason, except that the coin, given by Speed for the groat of Henry V., exactly agrees with those ascribed by the archbishop to that king, thus making Speed his master !

14 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

And what does Speed say ? Speed says absolutely nothing to connect the tale of the eyelet-holed robe with the annulet mark upon the money. He merely gives one of the pieces so marked to Henry V. without any explanation !

We must find stronger foundations to build opinions on than these. Rather would I trust to such documentary evidence as Ruding brought together for a decision in dealing with these pieces. We may not have in the mint accounts of the Exchequer the case in its completeness, but we can at least see what it amounts to, and determine what it points at, without giving it more consequence than it can carry. 2

To show that money was minted at Calais in Henry V.'s time there is in the Exchequer mint accounts no proof at all ; but from an unclassed bundle of papers in the Tower it appears his son struck the amount of bullion, at the Calais mint, which is here given : —

Ibs. oz. dwts.

1. From Feb. 25th, of second year,

to Jan. 31 of sixth year, i.e ,

from 1423-27 . . . 67,745 4 10

2. From Feb. 20th, of sixth year,

to Aug. 3rd, of ninth year

(1427—30) .... 89,660 9 0

3. From (no date given) to eleventh

year (1432) . . . 26,182 10 1

183,588 11 11

Now, taken by itself, this could only lead to one con- clusion,— namely this, that our common Calais groats belong alone to Henry VI. 's reign, and to the early rather than the later portion of it. But do other records sub- stantiate or supplement this testimony of the mint accounts ? Here we are assisted by the notices which

2 Ruding, vol. i. p. 85.

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 15

have been preserved of trials of the pyx. And if one of them proves conclusively that money was coined at Calais while Henry V. was king, the record seems to narrow those nine months spoken of before (i.e. between Dec. 1, 1421, and Aug. 31, 1422) into fewer weeks.

I refer now to an ordinance of Henry VI/s fourth year (1425), in which he commanded the treasurer and barons of his Exchequer to return an account of the assay which had been made of all moneys of gold and silver coined by Bartholomew Goldbeter, master of the mint, in the Tower of London, the vill of Calais, and castle of York.3 Of the " Gales" moneys tried, were the coins struck (not issued, but struck) at " Gales" between

20th July, 10th of H. 5, and 30th January, 2nd of H. 6.

The other trials do not concern us now, but their dates show the fullness of the records we here possess. The last having been 30th Jan., 1423, we find the next assay was made of coins struck between

25th Feb., 1423, and Jan., 1427 ; the next, of those struck between

20th Feb., 1427, and 3rd Aug., 1430.

Taking into account these recorded facts, I think as much as this may be assumed : — (1), No common variety of our Calais money is likely to have been hammered into coin between July 20th and Aug. 31st of the year 1422; (2), any pieces thrown off from the standards of the moneyers in those forty days must now be found among our rarer sorts ; (3), such types as now yield abun- dant specimens to our hands must belong to Henry VI.

3 Ending, vol. ii. p. 451.

16 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

Before putting these conclusions to any use, let me first of all state other facts connected with this mint, which enable us to measure with some exactness the length of time it was busy. For a few years the Exchequer records indicate considerable activity — but only for a few years. By his eleventh year (1432), I have shown that Henry VI. had coined 183,588 Ibs. of silver; indeed, by his ninth year about eleven-thirteenths of it had appeared. That which now remains to be told exhibits the cause of this decrease.

As early as 1429, the Commons presented a petition praying that the statutes relating to the mint at Calais might be enforced, because the mint there " was like to stand void, dissolate, and to be disfcrued."4 In 1432, the complaint was repeated ; the mint at Calais, it was urged, was not " sustained." In 1433, a statute of that year was ordered to be enforced, enjoining the carrying of bullion to Calais — a prop, we must suppose, to a tottering wall. Still later, that is, in 1437, and also in 1442, we find further legislative measures applied for, and in the end successfully, to repeal former regulations, which had worked injuriously, and " had occasioned the mint to fall into great decay." 5 This use of the pluperfect tense marks how little large coinages from that town are to be looked for in the latter half of Henry VI.'s long reign. Calais then was scarcely, if at all, a coin-producing mint. And when we hear of letters patent being granted to John Langton, clerk, and Walter Aumener, newly-appointed wardens and receivers of this mint,6 — the wages to be the same as Robert Whittiiigham had received, that is, twenty

4 Ruding, vol. i. p, 273. 5 Ruding, vol. i., 275. 6 16th May, 1445.

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 17

pounds per annum for himself and twelve-pence a-day for his clerk, " out of the first money that should arise from this mint/' — one is tempted to hope that these good men had something else than their places at the mint to depend on, for the mint was dying; and when dead, no one brought it to life again, as we find no moneys of Calais in a subsequent reign. 7

Arid now if this argument be good for anything, it surely must be seen to point to the precise period of the fifteenth century when Calais gave us the bulk of the pieces we find now ; and assuming this to have been proved, then may we not use it in dealing with ^eCREICCVS groats of London, of the weight of 60 grains, at present left unclassed ? I will take certain of these Holwell coins in illustration of this use. The coins of Calais and London have been associated in that hoard, and the fact of this association does not weaken my case.

Among them, in plenty, are three Calais varieties, which I believe are plentiful enough everywhere. We will say they must be Henry VI/s on account of their abundance, struck sometime between 1422 — 32. Surely, when we find London groats, mark for mark alike, is it only a probability that they belong to the same ten years of time, and came forth from dies prepared by the hand of the same engraver ? Is it not certainty, as far as we can hope to reach it ? A comparison between the coins of these two mints would be an inquiry of considerable interest ; at present, I am bound to say my own examination of them stops very far short of completeness.

7 Ruding, vol. ii. p. 257. The statute of Edward IV. b third year, about the staple and mint at Calais (p 282), looks only as though the King would do more for the mint, than the mint for the King.

VOL. VII. N.S. D

18

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

	LORDOR.	CTTLISIff.
A.	+ Obv.	+ Obv.
		O at each side of neck
Ending,	-}- Rev.	-S- Rev.
pi. iv. 10	O after POSVI	O after POSVI.
and 9.	O in 2nd and 3rd	O in 2nd and 3rd
	quarters	quarters
	* separates the words	x separates words
B.	*	*fc
Ending, pi. iv. 14	{) after f}ffREId. DI. and GE7L	£> after l7ffREICt. DI. and GETC.
Hawkins,	0 after EffX	0 after EffX
Anglo -Gallic, p. 83 11,	+ $ after POSVI. and LORDOR	+ 0 after POSVI and dTYLISIff
Jr	0 after fflVITAS.	0 divides VILOLA
C.	+	+
Hawkins	& after ^ffREICCDI	•ft after fyffREId.
330	and GE7S.	DI. and GEft.
Silver coins	0 after EffX	0 after EffX
of England. Ending,	+ & after POSVI. and LORDOR	+ * after POSVI and dftLISIff
pi. iv. 15.	0 after dlVITTCS	0 divides VILOL7T

Here is close resemblance every one will allow, and was there no cause for it ? That we may look for resemblance in the marks of coins struck during those ten years is reasonable, owing to another circumstance we can also find stated in Ruding. Gilbert Vanbrauburg, or Brande- burg, or Guisbryght Van Brondeburg (so variously is the name spelled) was " sculptor of the dies " in Henry V/s ninth year, down to Henry VI/s ninth year. He was succeeded then (1430) by John Orewell. Be it observed, therefore, that in the very term of years during which || ths of the bullion coined at all at Calais was converted into money of the realm, in that term of years lay Vanbrauburg's tenure of office. Similarity in work-

ACCOUNT OF COINS FOUND AT HOLWELL. 19

manship and in mint-marks between 1420 — 30, is therefore to be expected ; and the more minute are the points of resemblance, the better are the tests supplied to our eyes of that one man's handiwork. The better are the tests, for a likeness in the lesser marks deserves our attention more even than likeness, or the absence of it, in the form of the initial cross of the legend, the mint- mark proper.8 Nothing can have been less calculated to catch notice from the superficial observer than the " point secret " of the French money, yet that one point, under- neath one letter of the legend, revealed to the initiated the name of the town from which came the coin in his hand.

Here I am content to stop. The statements which have been adduced lead to one conclusion. They show that certain varieties of the common ty&RBICCVS groat, usually and most unsatisfactorily described in catalogues as the coins of Henry IV., V., or VI., or, at the best, to the latest of these kings, without a reason, may with a fair show of reason be assigned to King Henry VI. The case must now stand or fall on its own merits ; but should it stand, we shall have detached these varieties, at all events, from our heap of unclassed Henries, and have before us a stepping-stone to further knowledge still.

I hope on another occasion to establish, without ques- tion, the connection others of them maintain with the money of Edward IV.

ASSHETON POWNALL.

8 I am inclined to think that in Henry VI. 's time and pre- viously the form of the initial cross on obverse and reverse was more a matter of ornamentation than distinction, and that in the lesser markings have we the real mint-marks. Mr. Haw- kins in his work on the Anglo-Gallic coins (p. 73) expresses the same opinion.

20

III.

ON THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN THE PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI.

A LETTER FEOM W. H. D. LONG8TAFFE ESQ., TO THE REV. A. POWNALL.

Gateshead, 18th Oct., 1866. Mr DEAR SIR,

To comment upon the sixty pennies from the Holwell find, which you have kindly submitted to me, requires some general explanation of my views on the coins of the three Henries. I had intended to elaborate an article for the Numismatic Society expounding them. Just now such a process would interfere with other engagements. But, by confining myself as much as possible to the denomination of money illustrated by our Durham evidences, I may be able, at once, to give

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V. AND VI. 21

some idea of what I conceive to be the broad divisions of the coins in question.

The most worn of the pieces you have sent are those of Edward III. ; the most perfect is one of Henry VI., with a leaf on the breast. All the intervening monarchs are represented. The range of time is long and remark- able. The York pennies of Edward III., with the roundel on the breast and little quatrefoil before CIVITAS, are late; the other coins of that king are earlier, but of 18 grains.

Of Richard II. we have the York penny with an escallop after CIVITAS. Probably you may have observed that the general peculiarities of the York mint are increased in this reign by the introduction of barbarous types, having the same relation to the coins of Richard II.,1 Henry V., and Henry VI., as the Berwick pieces bear to those of the Edwards. They do not supersede the Tower workmanship, and were doubtless struck by the archbishops, who were perhaps permitted to engrave their own dies if they chose, a privilege extended to Durham by Edward IV. You will also have noticed the extra- ordinary increase of episcopal small moneys in propor- tion to the regal issue2 after the introduction of groats. In 1423 the Commons of the infant Henry VI. com- plained that hardly any small coins were struck, but only nobles and groats. At last, in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII., the pennies, and even the half- groats, of good silver, were almost wholly prelatical.

We now come to the Henries. My position is, that,

1 In Richard's time they frequently read Angile for Angliae.

8 I do not wish to be understood to assert that there ever was a regal mint at Durham, save during vacancies of the Palatinate. I am speaking of the kingdom generally.

22 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

having traced the sequence of types by means of transi- tional features, they are to be distributed into reigns by ascertaining in which of the varieties the portraits of the pennies change. Not but that the other denomi- nations of money, especially the half-groats, are very valuable, but the pennies are sufficient for our purpose, and their history affords useful collateral evidences. The difficulty which would have arisen, had each Henry used several heads, as did Edward IV., does not occur. There are three leading phases of portrait for the three Henries — one for each. The divisions occur exactly where, historically, they ought to be found, the style of each monarch slightly overlapping the reign of his successor, and disappearing in his first coinage.

The three heads differ in their hair. That of Henry IV. resembles and rather exaggerates Richard II. 's. That of Henry VI. was continued by Edward IV. The inter- mediate type stands for Henry V. The first we have long recognised. It has not the projecting tufts under the crown, and it is brushed to an inordinate distance from the head, the bold curls at the bottom advancing beyond the rest of the hair. The second is kept closer to the head ; it has the tufts, and the feebler curls do not pro- ject beyond the higher portions. Still they are curls; while the third type can hardly be said to have any. The effect of the hair being turned up is formed by coarse striations. If you will take a penny of Henry IV. and one of Henry VI. with Bishop Nevil's interlacing rings, about which there can be no mistake, and place between them a Durham penny with a star and an annulet, my meaning will be clear. If you have not these Durhamites at hand, the following will do as well: — 1. Hawkins's Fig. 323 of Henry IV.'s half-groat ; 2. One of the half-

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 23

groats with a star on the breast ; 3. A half-groat with a rosette or leaf after Posvi, — any, in fact, with the open lozenges.

But there are other distinctions arising from that of portrait. In these half-groats you will find that the cusps of the crown, which up to and inclusive of Henry IV. leave little triangular spandrils, in Henry V.'s time rise above a row of pierced circles, which continue down to Henry VII.; and most likely the tressure of Henry V. will have ten, eleven, or twelve members instead of the nine of Henry IV. and VI. The hair of the groats is, as you know, very different from that of the halves and pennies. However, if you take one of Henry IV/s light groats with the Roman N, one of the groats with the star on the breast, and a third of one of the lozenge coinages, I think you will find that the first will most likely have the cusps of the tressure fleured above the head, as in the previous reigns, or present slipped trefoils on the breast or elsewhere ; that the second will have the cusp on the breast fleured, and the reading ANGLIE, as in Henry IV/s coins ; while the third will give ANGL, as in Edward IV.'s coins, will exhibit no fleur in the base,3 and will have the breasts severely and coarsely defined instead of the more delicate busts of the pre- ceding coinages. There are some differences of expression of face, not easily described, but the queer twist of the mouth, which sets in on the half-groats of Henry VI. arid extends into Edward IV.'s reign, will be familiar to you.

Now, if you put before you a number of groats, half- groats, and pennies of the great annulet coinage, which

3 The fleur revives on some of the later coinages of Henrv VI.

24 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

has variously been given to Henry V. and the first years of Henry VI., they will divide into the second and third of the above divisions.4 So that both parties are right as to certain coins, for Henry V. and VI. may be said to meet in the great annulet coinage. Both the first and second peculiarities of head occur in the curious pennies (Hawkins, 326) which read DI GftA.

There are also certain marks confined to certain heads. The slipped trefoil and wedge or triangular-shaped sign of contraction are only found with Henry IV. 's. A peculiar quatrefoil, used singly, generally in cross, rarely in saltire, only occurs with Henry VVs. Henry VI.'s head is accompanied by rosettes, pine cones, lozenges, and crosses patonce or crosslet, never presented by his two predecessors.

Having thus set out three classes of coins, which ought, primd facie, to be referred to the three Henries respec- tively, I proceed to notice some of your coins and mine, in connection with my notes of other evidences of the order in which the pennies of the three Henries should be placed.

Of the rare heavy pennies of Henry IV., those struck at the exceptional mint of York (tyffRBKI) appear to be the only ones published. The Durham penny described in the Numismatic Chronicle, viii. 125, as weighing 14f grs. in a clipped state, and presumed to have originally weighed 18, was, as I infer from the description, the one catalogued at Christmas's sale as a heavy Durham penny, much clipped. If so, it is Henry V/s struck upon thickish silver. Probably it never was much larger.

4 In the firtjt, the annulets often have the appearance of a dot in their centres, as if they had been drawn on the die by compasses, instead of being punched.

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 25

We have, however, historical evidence that the Durham mint was working at the time of Henry IV. 's light coinage, when the weight of the penny was reduced from 18 to 15 grs. In an old episcopal survey we find that the mint was on the east side of le Place (liodie Palace Green), and " Cunia monetse est in approuamento per Mulkinum de Florencia cunatorem Domini, et valet per annum quadraginta solidos, sed, tempore mutacionis cunise mo- netse Anglise, redd, xx marcas." This Mulkin of Florence was coining at Durham in the next reign, during 1416-17, the bishop's profit, at 5d. for every pound of silver troy, amounting to 765. 3d. His name reminds one of Richard II.'s mint-masters — Nicholas Malakin, a Floren- tine, and Geoffrey Mullekyn.

The Durham pennies of Henry IV.'s light coinage are extremely rare. The slipped trefoil lies on the breast, and the reading is + ^RRIdVS x EGCX x TVNGLiet - x aiVITTVS x DVROLflV. One in the Museum, perhaps a blundered rather than a false coin, has DVRWICC. The London penny reading tySRRICT, and resembling the groat, has an annulet arid a dot at the sides of the crown. A. rubbed specimen of the unpublished York penny in your Holwell find appears to be from the same dies as mine, which was Christmas' s, and reads -f- rjffRBICI' o x KSX x 7TR6LI6C — § CCIVIT7VS g SBOETVai. There is an annulet (broken ?) on the breast. As the heavy money of York and the pieces leading to Henry V. read tyGCRRId, and the time is short, it may be that the tyaRRICCVS of Durham is peculiar to that place.

Henry V. acceded to the throne in 1413, and, in deference to Lindsay, it is well to designate a mark which comes in with the regal money of Shakspere's " Star of England/' as a star. Though it is but of five

VOL. VII. N. S. E

26 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

points, it probably really is a star, with its rays obtusely pointed or blunted, like those of Edward IV.'s sun in some examples. His earliest coins bear a head like that of Henry IV.

My first coin which bears it strongly resembles the light London penny of Henry IV. But the Roman N has given way to the gEnlish H, and the pellets are now united by stalks. The slipped trefoil does not precede aiYITTTS. The obverse retains the wedge-like contrac- tion after rjffnRICt, and the annulet at the side of the crown under TTRGLieC. But the dot is now a star, and the trefoil on the breast is now the quatrefoil of Henry V.

Next comes Hawkins's No. 326 (see his page 104), like the last, save in legend, on which DI 6RTC is now inserted, being " l^HEId' x DI x 6E7Y x R6CX TTOGL." The pellets seem to be severed. And here ends the head of Henry IV.

The continuation of the DI 6R7V coinage presents, for the first time, the head of Henry V. In Rud. Sup. ii. 25, of which I have a specimen, the marks on the side of the crown and on the breast have disappeared ; the crown is still the old one of Richard II. and Henry IV., and the title is still confined to England. But my next piece is affected by the claims of the new king to the French throne, and the title of France is revived on the pennies, S F being added after 7YH6L. The star takes the posi- tion on the dexter side of the crown, under 7VH6L, which it retains until the great Calais coinage at the end of the reign. Three dots occur on the sinister side. The pellets on the reverse are united. The king's neck is inordinately long.5

On a half-groat possessing the same peculiarity of neck

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 27

A new and striking feature sets in with this coin. Instead of the old crown of the half-groats and pennies, the new one introduced on the half-groats at the same time, with its row of sunk circles, is substituted, and occurs on Henry V.'s pennies for some time. On the new crown the smaller unfleured cusps are no longer knobbed.

With what may be called the quatrefoil coinage the DI 6E7T disappears, but the French title and reading of tydRRICC continue. The peculiar quatrefoil which comes after POSVI in the larger coins, occurs after OCIVIT7TS on the Durham pennies, and occasionally, as in one of your Hoi well specimens, after the obverse legend. Similar coins occur for York (Holwell), but the quatrefoil is often placed saltirewise. (Hawkins, No. 338.)

There are some little varieties in these coins. On the Durham ones, the marks are generally a star and annulet, or horse-shoe/ but occasionally the latter is rather a dot

there is an annulet at the dexter side of the crown as usual, but no star on the breast, ihe tressure, which is of twelve cusps, being fleured at the base instead. The mark after POSVL is the little saltire used to separate words, and not the peculiar quatrefoil of Henry V. What appears to be a contemporary forgery of an early groat of him, with the same long neck, has nothing after POSVI, and reads FR7V, instead of FBTmd. The star appears on the breast, but the hair has no tufts under the crown, and the cusps above the crown are fleured as in the groats of Henry IV. This piece is in my cabinet. The metal seems to be base.

0 This part of the subject may doubtless be greatly elaborated after a careful study of the halfpennies, which present the broken annulet, if the term is allowable, in considerable abundance. It occurs in all directions. In the halfpennies it is mostly in the usual direction of the heraldic horseshoe. It is so frequent, and so carefully worked, especially in the type which has one quarter composed of lOTTtS, that the theory of an annulet punch having been broken by accident is excluded. Little

28 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

or pellet, and the French title is FEARCC instead of F. One of them has five curled objects, like annulets, round the pellets under dlVI, and a dot among the pellets under DVR. That the engraver had in his head the plume of feathers which formed Cardinal Langley's crest may be a fancy.7 More certainly, on another coin, also read- ing FEARCt, but having the annulet instead of the dot, has the artist scratched a slight representation of Langley's shield, paly, of six, in the centre of the reverse. These eccentricities are of no numismatic importance, as the Cardinal lived in the three reigns. His mint was tolerably active in 4 Henry V., under the coinership of Mulkin de Florence.

The York pennies also occasionally have the pellet on the sinister side of the crown. My specimen, however, reads F, Several, moreover, agree with Durham in having the annulet or horse-shoe, and one of mine reads FETOd. Before the new crown and ^etHEICC ceased, the annulet gave way to a trefoil, which continued into the next coinage.

There are coins both of Durham and York, Durham still retaining the annulet, with the crown of the half- groat, but without the French title, and reading ^GCHEIOCVS E6DC TmGLieC — a formula which continued to the latter

light on the marks of money is yielded by the re^al badges. The broken annulet reminds one of Celtic objects, assuming, as it does, very occasionally, even a knobbed appearance. So that it can hardly be the crescent mentioned by Hollinshed as a bacl.^e of Henry IV. ; and I have difficulty in connecting it with the fetterlock, although it is plain that the badge was not confined to the Dukedom of York, as is generally supposed. (See the Will of John of Gaunt.)

7 The coin is not in good state. That there are five circled objects is obvious enough. I incline to think that they are speci- mens of the broken annulet.

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 29

part of Henry VI. 's reign. I infer, therefore, that this peculiar crown was used until the middle of 1420, Henry- having relinquished the French title by treaty in May of that year. It soon disappeared also. Roundly speaking, its existence nearly corresponded with that of the French title on the pennies, and this synchronism affords an easy mode of distinguishing the coins of Henry V. for about seven years of his reign.

The old crown of Henry IV. was now resumed, and we have several York coins, usually barbarous, with the head of Henry V. so crowned, the star and trefoil still accompanying it. This type continues until we come to what may be termed the annulet coinage, on which we find an annulet after dlVITTTS, and another among the pellets under CCIVI. So also we have Durham coins with the same head and crown, retaining the star and annulet, and showing an annulet among the pellets, but not after CCIVITTYS. This is perhaps the best place to remark that while the York coins give in their legends the annulet, rosette, and cone, which now succeed each other as marks after POSYI on the larger coins, and also in the latter part of Henry VI/s reign, like the London pieces of that time, give the dots in two quarters, the Durham coins are without such marks, though possessing other and very interesting evidences of their dates. In the Durham penny figured in Rud. Sup. ii 16, there are annulets in two quarters, like the London and Calais pennies, and the legend is 7VR6LI. It was John White's, and I should like to see it before quoting it. Many York examples of both reigns have the annulet in one quarter only. I may here men- tion that I have not yet observed a Durham penny of this annulet type with Henry VI.'s head. Indeed we know, from the roll corresponding to 3 Henry VI., that

30 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

Mulkin de Florence's house had in that and the pre- ceding year been let to somebody else for 9s., and the mint produced nothing. This accounts for the specimens being (as a rule at least) of Henry V., and somewhat scarce.

That the great annulet coinage was the immediate successor of that which on the half-groats had the star on the king's breast, TTRGLIGC instead of 7VR6L,8 and an unusual number of cusps, is obvious from very occasional examples retaining the last two features, besides having Henry V/s head, which continues with the more common annulet types.

In 8 Hen. V. there was great scarcity of money. In 9 Hen. V. a good noble could not be changed into white money. The groats and half-groats with the star on the breast are comparatively scarce, and as to the London pennies during the period succeeding the DI GE7Y mint- age, I only know them dimly by the figure Rud. Sup. ii. 26. The mint at Calais had long ceased. So that I can quite understand the cry from that place, and the ordi- nance of Parliament, among its other arrangements for a new coinage, that there should be a mint there. Bar- tholomew Goldbeter became mint-master, and so con- tinued until 11 Hen. VI. Th3 indenture with him is dated 13th February, 1422. Henry V. died 31st August in that year. On that event Goldbeter was charged to hold his office as before. He petitioned the Parliament

8 You will observe that this change took place on the half- groats sooner than on the groats. Throughout the groats keep rather aloof from the half-groats and pennies, when we come to close details, though the succession synchronises. So also the hair of Henry V. extends in the fractional parts of a penny down to Edward IV.

PENNIES OF HENKY IV., V., AND VI. 81

which met in November for more remuneration, speaking of his already " great and insupportable loss." That Parliament accordingly added the profit of the exchange to his office ; and on the petition of the northern commons ordained that he should have a mint at York as well as at London and Calais, for gold and silver. On the 16th February, 1423, his old indenture was endorsed with a memorandum extending the renewal thereof to York and Bristol. On the same day the new indenture issued, mentioning only London and Calais. There seems to have been some " dodge." No Bristol money of the Henries is known. As to York, Goldbeter came and worked the mint, but retired. At the Parliament, which met on the 20th October, 14:23, he was ordered back.

From all which premises, from a Calais petition of 1442 that the mint there could not be sustained as it was in the reign of Henry V. and many years after, and from existing coins, we may draw two or three inferences. 1. That the new coinage was in active operation during the reign of Henry V. 2. That the regal money of the Henries, the gold and the larger denominations of silver, were struck at York in the time of Henry VI. only. 3. That, inasmuch as such denominations struck at York embrace the heads of both kings, the dies of Henry V. were used into the reign of Henry VI. as usual in changes of sovereigns. 4. That, as all such larger denominations struck at York are marked on the obverse by two fleurs- de-lis at the sides of the neck, instead of the annulets which distinguish the obverses of the Calais coins, and as certain pennies, probably regal, are also so marked,9 it is

9 A penny in the British Museum of the York mint has Henry V.'B head, has a fleur-de-lis at each side of the neck, and an annulet under OCIVI and GCBOE, among the pellets.

32 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

probable that a fleur-de-lis on the archiepiscopal pennies may also refer to the babe who became king of France by treaty. 5. That, consequently, the pennies of the annulet type with the head of Henry V., having a star at the dexter side of the crown, and a trefoil or a fleur- de-lis on the sinister side, may with propriety be referred to one king or the other by means of those marks, the trefoil having occurred in the same place in previous coinages of Henry V., and the fleur-de-lis being found there in annulet pennies with the hair of Henry VI.

The London silver of this great coinage has no dis- tinctions on the obverse, and is much rarer than that of Calais. Indeed we know from the imperfect mint accounts that while Calais, in the four years between 1424 arid 1428, coined 67,745 Ibs., London, in the five years between 1425 and 1431, only issued 4,919 Ibs. The Calais mint itself seems to have fluctuated. Between 1428 and 1431 it issued 89,660 Ibs. Yet in 1429 the staple at Calais was enforced, the mint, from its previous neglect, being like to stand void and desolate. In 1432 and 1433 the same operation took place, for the mint of Calais was not sustained. And yet, in 1432, 26,182 Ibs. of coined silver appear in the Calais accounts, the continuations of which are not forthcoming. In that year William Bus, or Russe, was made mint-master, in the place of Goldbeter, deceased, for London, Calais, Bristol, and York. He only remained for about two years, John de Paddeslee superseding him in 12 Hen. VI.; and I do not therefore think much of the coincidence that the rosette mark was introduced much about the same time. But you will expect me to give my reasons for so dating the coins with that device after POSVI and elsewhere.

Bearing in mind that Cardinal Langley died in 1437,

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 33

16 Hen. VI., we find from his roll of 1434-5 that the Durham mint had been resuscitated. Only 10s. lOd. was received from it in that year, — a sign of decay ; and I should be inclined to place any coins of Henry VI., struck by Langley, before, rather than after it. Well, the first Durham coins we have after those with Henry V.'s head, have under 7VR6LI6C, at the side of the crown, a large mullet, regular and heraldic, quite distinguishable from the stars of Henry V. and VI. ; while the pennies on which it occurs are far removed in style from the late groats of Henry VI., which introduce a mullet in their legends, but which, as we shall see, have marks cor- responding with the pennies of Bishops Nevil and Booth, and generally lack the lozenge or mascle,10 which came in immediately after the annulet period, and is found on the Durham pennies with the mullet. Now the great seal of Cardinal Langley is sprinkled over with mullets. He also wore it in his arms as a difference, just as Bishop Nevil, his successor, used his badge of interlacing rings, which marked his money. That the mullet n was, in its separate state, a distinguishing mark of Cardinal Langley, is clear from his roll of 1416, where the expenditure of 12d. occurs, "in factura cujusdam signi ferrei fact' cum j molet ad signand' mensuras vini et alia pondera mercatorum." We may therefore conclude that heraldry was again an element on the episcopal coinage, that the coins of Henry VI. with the mullet are Langley's, and that before his death, in 1437, the mascle, which never occurs on the great annulet coinage, had been freely introduced.

10 A mascle, in old heraldry, might be either open or close, and therefore, on the whole, is the more convenient term. The mark occurs in both forma with Henry VI., but is generally open.

11 It occurs both pierced and close.

VOL. VII. N. S. F

34 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

Such introduction, though, not during the annulet coin- age proper, took place during the transition from it. We lose an annulet from one of the quarters of the re- verse. In Jewitt's handbook is engraved a half-groat with the ordinary Calais obverse of the great coinage, having the annulets still at the sides of the neck, but with a London reverse, having the annulet after POSVI as usual, but only one among the pellets. Again we have Calais groats and half-groats with the same obverse, but with an annulet in the CCT^L quarter only, while the mark after POSVI -has altered from an annulet to a trefoil.12 The trefoil coinage was probably of very brief duration, for we have both groats and half-groats of Calais with rosette reverses, but without any mascles, and with the old annulet obverses. 13 During its continuance we may fairly place SainthilPs Durham penny, numbered 39 by Lindsay, which is described as identical with the coins I give to Langley, except that instead of a mullet there are three points. We cannot well give the mulleted coins themselves to a date later than the early rosette pieces, for they retain the plain cross as the mint-mark, which

12 This trefoil type seems to culminate in Duby's Calais groat, xxvi. 9, where all the words on the obverse are divided by trefoils, except that after EGCX is the mascle. On the re- verse are trefoils after POSVI and CCTVLISiet, and the mascle assumes a position before L*S, which, as that after E6CX, it long filled. The annulets have entirely disappeared. The groat, Duby, xxvi. 10, according to Lindsay's description, is similar, but rosettes occur before and after Z on the obverse. I have not Duby to refer to, and these coins, at the best, seem to be exceptionable. I therefore mention them in a note only.

13 Groats of this period occur without any trace of the mascle. We have half-groats without it on the obverse, at all events. When the annulets disappeared we get groats and half-groats with mascles in two spandrils of the tressnre on the obverse, but still omitting it in the legend of that side.

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 35

during the use of the rosette changed into a cross patonce or crosslet, the prevailing mint-mark for the rest -of the reign. Pennies of other mints, after the annulet type, with the plain cross mint-mark, seem to be very rare. When the cross patonce sets in, we have York pennies with the mascle after E6CX and CIVI, and a small plain cross at each side of the hair. Their place is settled by the old reading, rjGCREICCVS E6CX TVRGLieC, in which we shall soon find a change. There are others only differing in having the crosses at the sides of the hair placed saltire- wise, and the proper reading, aBOEACtl ; whereas the first- named read in all your Holwell specimens eCBDEAdl, the D being in one of them an E reversed, thus B- My own specimen of the first agrees, but of the second gives dBDETTdl, showing the close proximity of the varieties. The Calais pennies have the cross patonce and a rosette after tydREIdVS and dftLISId ; and some York pennies follow suit, placing the rosette, however, before dBOETIdl. They have stars on each side of the crown, and are obviously late in the rosette period. One of mine with these stars, wanting any marks on the reverse, but retaining the mascle on the obverse, reads 7VRGL instead of TVRGLia, corresponding with the following coinage, and possibly a portion of it, as Calais retained TTRGLia into it. Some barbarous York coins, with the stars, but without the rosettes, read ARGLd.

The mark of a rosette (which, by the way, in good specimens, seems to be composed of one cinquefoil laid over another, the central piercing serving for both) was succeeded immediately by a stalked cone, supposed to be a pine cone: Transitional coins of the larger sizes, with rosettes on one side, and stalked cones on the other, are not uncommon. The York pennies read OT6L, and have

36 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

the stalked cone after DIVI. The mascle keeps its place on both obverse and reverse; but the stars on the sides of the crown have disappeared. Two of your Holwell coins, however, give a star on the breast. They differ from the preceding York coins in wanting the usual York quatre- foil 14 in the centre of the reverse.

There are some Durham coins closely resembling those with the mullet, but differing from them, not only in the want of that mark, but also in substituting the new 7TO6L and cross patonce for the old T^nGLIGC and plain cross. We may with every probability give these to the vacancy of more than four months before the restitution of the Durham temporalities to Langley's successor, Nevil. They want both the mullet of the former and the interlaced rings of the latter prelate.

It is remarkable that although the seals of Bishop Nevil, showing his use of the interlacing rings, both as a badge and a difference of the entire coat of his ancestry, were published by Mr. Surtees in his History of Durham many years ago, it was not until 1852 that the identifica- tion of his coins was given to the world by Dr. Raine, in his "Auckland Castle," from the information of William Greenwell, of Durham ; and that though the meaning of these rings, as used by the bishop and his brothers, Lords Latimer and Fauconberge, has been discussed by heralds, the coins presenting them have up to this day been cata- logued as of Henry IV., V., or VI.

The device, both as a badge and armorial difference,

vri i °n both good and bad colns of

mile hesitating to assert that latterly it indicated more than a York penny m the general, I strongly incline to believe that originally it was peculiar to the archiepiscopal mint, and arose out of the handle of St. Peter's key.

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 37

occurs in two fashions, in fess and in pale, horizontally and vertically. Both varieties occur on the coins. In his first roll, corresponding to 17 Henry VI., ] 438-9, Bishop Nevil is proved to have coined 147 Ibs. of silver, by Alan Bedale, his coiner. In 1453-4 he coined 72 Ibs., by John Arscot, his moneyer. His successor, Booth, in his first roll, 1458-9, gives 60 Ibs., coined by the same Arscot. We shall find that Nevil's coins, both early and late, were marked with his rings, and that they continued to be used by him to the last, as his old reverses so marked were used up by Booth.

The early coins of Bishop Nevil give the reading rjGCRRIdVS, which we shall soon find to give way to ^GCRRia. They also lack the dots at the sides of the crown, which in general are present on his coins as on other later pieces of Henry VI. These early pieces are very rare. Mr. Haswell, of North Shields, has one. It retains the mascle after R6CX, but a new mark, viz., an unstalked leaf, on the breast, appears. The title has neither 7TRGLIS, nor 7VR6L, but 7TRGLI, as in NeviPs later coins. The coin given by Sainthill in " Olla Podrida," ii., 207, as a light penny, is evidently an early Nevil. I should like to see both it and that described by Hawkins as in Cuff's cabinet (if the two are not identical), before I dare affirm that any Nevils have a fleur-de-lis on the breast. The reading, DVRSLm, as in HaswelPs impression, the legend, the general appear- ance, the remnants of NeviPs rings, the frequent failure of the ordinary tests in Henry VI /s reign, and the imper- fect state of the coin, will excuse my setting aside the weight, 12 grains, as any criterion. But I sincerely thank Sainthill and Smith for its publication.

We now approach the later coinages of the weak king, which differ materially from the annulet one be-

38 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

queathed by his father, and from the mascle coins of his youth.

One of the first transitional coins is a Calais half-groat (Hawkins's " Anglo-Gallic Coins/' p. 86), only differing from its predecessors by having no cone after POSYI. I have a London penny without dots, but with the newly- introduced breast-leaf, reading tjaREIdVS and 7U7GL', and still retaining the mascle ; also a Calais ene of the same sort, with a leaf in one quarter under SIGC. This is obviously contemporary with the London groat, Hawkins, 328, and a London half-penny mentioned by him in p. 111. The three dots, or trefoil, found in the legend of Nevil's later coins, makes its appearance in the same position that it afterwards held. Thus, in a London groat, resembling Lindsay's No. 25, cones occur after the first words of the obverse, and after CCIYIT7TS, but the mascle has gone ; there is nothing after POSVI, and a trefoil appears after ESX and LORDOR. His No. 26 closely resembles the last, but the leaf appears on the breast. Again, a London penny in the Holwell find, without dots, and reading fySREIGCVS, gives a leaf on the breast and trefoil after E6CX, and lacks the mascle. The Durham penny (Snell- ing, ii., 23) is in all respects like a later Nevil coin, except that it wants dots, and has a plain cross for the mint- mark — a temporary revival which, by the way, is not unusual in these transitional pieces. The London penny first mentioned has that mint-mark.

Not to multiply instances, we may conclude that in the early days of Bishop Nevil distinguishing marks after POSVI, and a profusion of them in the legend and else- where, together with the mascle, disappeared as a rule ; that the application of a leaf to some position other than that of the cone in the legend of the coins, the insertion of a large trefoil or three dots in the legend, and the placing

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 39

dots at the sides of the crown, began ; and that at the same time rjGCnRICtVS on the pennies changed to tyGRRIG. The last two characteristics seem to have continued to the end of the reign.

In 20 Henry VL, the Act of 8 Henry VI. had, instead of supporting the Calais mint, caused it to fall into great decay. In 24 Henry VI., Paddesley, the king's mint-master, was succeeded by Robert Manfeld, who continued until 38 Henry VI., three years after Bishop Nevil died. That bishop's accession had been in 16 Henry VI. It may well be that Manfeld introduced the later phase of Henry VI/s coins.

In 1454 the Calais mint was again declared to be like to stand void, desolate, and destroyed; while in 35 Henry VI. the scarcity of money was so great that the king gravely held out his expectation that alchemy would be a remedy. In 37 Henry VI., two years before the king's overthrow, Sir Richard Tunstall became master of the mint. In those two years, Bishop Booth, by Arscot, his moneyer, coined 82 Ibs. 4 ozs. of silver.

Of the character of the product we are not in ignorance. The reverses retain the badge of Bishop Nevil, but on the dotted obverse is a capital B above the king's left shoulder, and sometimes a saltire above his right one. The coins with the last characteristic have the pellets united by lines, pellets on each arm of the cross, and a dot among the pellets in the quarter under T7VS. The leaf on the breast, which had disappeared during Nevil's episcopacy, revives, and the king's name has a stop between fy&n and RIG. The London pennies with the name so divided have a saltire or bold quatrefoil on the neck, connecting them in date with the groats presenting mullets in the legends. There is in these late coins a tendency to reproduce earlier

40 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

details. The leaf on the breast has already been men- tioned ; the mullet sometimes occurs after POSYI, after the fashion of marks of former days, and the mascle occurs on the obverse, though differently disposed as compared with its place on the old coins. But the accuracy of the position of these peculiar coins is proved by some of the early heavy groats of Edward IV. being dotted on both sides, and presenting the mascle. Some of these dotted groats have the 6C of SDWTfBD reversed, a feature also found among those barbarous pennies of Durham which have a rose in the centre of the cross, have sometimes the dots on the obverse, and want the DI 6E7T of the usual pennies of Edward IV. It has already been remarked that none of the Durham pennies of Nevil and Booth have dots in two quarters of the reverse, as have the contempo- rary coins of London and York.

Although Nevirs reverses were used by Booth, we have reason to think that during the vacancy between them, which was only short, a reverse clear from episcopal marks was improvised, probably at York. I have before me three coins, the obverses being all from one die. An accidental projection from one side of the crown places this beyond doubt. The obverses are dotted at the sides of the crown, read t]Gm x Kid, and have not any leaf on the breast. After 7VR6LI there is something which at first sight looked like xYI', but at second, *xr. The last stroke is quite plain. None of the three coins shows any trace of Booth, but one of them has NeviPs reverse, with his rings, and DYROLm. The other reverses are without them, and are of inferior workmanship ; on one only can I read the name of the city in full— it is DVHOLin.

Among your Holwell coins there is a decent York penny, dotted on both sides, and reading tySn x Kid and 7VR6LI,

PENNIES OF HENRY IV., V., AND VI. 41

and I have two pieces of fair workmanship from the same mint, with a little saltire at each side of the neck, as well as the dots. But I have others, with the same marks, of most barbarous craft. I also have one which, unless I am deceived by its green coat, lacks the saltires and the reverse dots.

Notwithstanding all the shortcomings of these last coins of Henry VI.'s proper reign, there is one ornament which comes out on the obverses in good style. It is formed of the old saltire-like stop, with the addition of a bold boss in the centre. On one of the barbarous York coins it occurs after TCRGLI, and on one of Booth's xB coins after E6CX.

I have only used published descriptions and plates so far as was necessary to connect the coins I have actually seen. The subject will bear a vast amount of further illustration. That the isolated observations of an obscure Bernician, in the neighbourhood of that most inartistic mint of York, can be beyond criticism, is riot to be expected. If they lead to a more scientific treatment of the matter, their object will be effected. Numismatic research in the south has been sorely let and hindered by mere collector! sin and all its attendant evils. Still, with all its imperfec- tions, it will contrast favourably with some other studies, in which forgeries are openly commended. I leave the larger pieces of the Henries to you, and shall be very glad to give any slight assistance of which I am capable in their elucidation.

Believe me, my dear sir,

Yours very truly, W. HYLTON DYER LONGSTAFFE.

The Rev. Assheton Pownall,

South Kilworth, Rugby, [p.s.

VOL. VII. N.S. G

42 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

P.S. — I do not think that I previously noticed one peculiarity abont the half-groats and pennies of Henry V. before his last coinages. This is the ornamentation of the ends of the letter I in the fashion which I believe was also introduced by him on the groats, and which survived on them until Edward IV.'s time. The first appearance of the decorated I occurs on the reverse only of the transi- tional penny with the head of Henry IV., accompanied by the quatrefoil and star of Henry V. It is on all the many-cusped half-groats and pennies, with the crown of the half- groats, that I have seen. As to its termination, I have not found it in the York star-and-trefoil pennies which, after the disappearance of the crown of the half- groats, immediately preceded the great annulet coinage. Still, some very early specimens of that last type of Henry V. from other mints present it — the Durham annulet penny, for instance, and the obverse of my transi- tional Calais half-groat, which retains the eleven cusps instead of the ordinary nine. It is satisfactory as an additional evidence, and as a ready mark of Henry V/s typical coins, for beginners.

: The enlarged heads at the commencement are taken from pennies, but each of them is rather a free sketch of a conventional head than a precise copy from any one coin, my specimens being often selected for evidence, not for state. More than one were, therefore, used to yield all the details.

In stone, Langley's mullet (close) occurs on his tomb in Durham Galilee. Nevil's interlaced rings are found over the doorway of the Exchequer on the Palace Green, and OQ a venatura at St. Andrew's Auckland. This last yields a fine and perfect example of them. '

W. H. D. L.

IV.

HEAVY FARTHING OP EDWARD IV.

[Read before the Numismatic Society, January 17, 1867.]

MUCH uncertainty prevails respecting farthings of Ed- ward IV., and it is even doubted whether a satisfactory specimen of this rare piece has come down to the present time. This doubt I am able to dispel, for the coin I now submit for inspection is undoubtedly a farthing of Edward IV., struck before his fourth year. No drapery appears on the shoulders of the King. Weight 3| grs.1

Obv.— * 6CDWSRD. RaX. 5RGL. .Rev.— . dlVITAS. LONDON.

From the engraving above, it will be seen that this coin is in far better preservation than the generality of the small pieces of this period. The late Mr. Cuff is stateda to have had a farthing of this monarch weighing 2|- grs., but all trace of it is lost in his sale catalogue. It might have formed part of Lot 910, thus described:—

1 Heavy farthings when issued weighed 3f grs., the others 3 grs. * Hawkins, "English Silver Coins," p. 117.

44 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

" Farthings, one struck before his fourth year, weight 6 grs. ; the other after ; the former very fine and rare, struck at London."

The piece weighing 6 grs. was of course a half- penny; but if the coin passed over as unworthy the scales was the farthing engraved in Hawkins, No. 355, it seems strange that the difference between 2i and 6 grs. should have escaped notice.

Buding, Sup. 11, pi. xvi., No. 14, was engraved from a coin in the Martin Collection. It reads ffDWTVEDVS R6CX., weighs 4£ grs.,3 and although alleged to be a far- thing of Edward IV., really belongs to the last coinage of Edward III., and as such was catalogued for auction. Snelling, pi. 2, No. 35, is useless as a reference. I sus- pect, from the type, that the engraving was taken from an illegible farthing of Henry IV., V., or VI.

It may, I think, be reasonably assumed that the farthing engraved in Hawkins was a specimen of the second coin- age of Edward IV. The plates in this work are to be relied on, and the coin I refer to, although clipped, does certainly not appear to have lost more than two-thirds of a grain, taking its original weight at 3 grs. On the other hand, was it possible for a farthing weighing 3| grs. to have been reduced to 2£ grs., and yet present the toler- able appearance shown in the plate alluded to ? Would any legend, after such a loss, have been visible ? Com- pare the engraving on this paper with Hawkins, No. 355. Both coins read 6CDW7VED. R6CX. 7VRGL. The shape of the crowns differs slightly, but the type otherwise will be found to be identical.

J. FRED. NECK.

8 I have a similar farthing of this weight, type, and legend.

45

V.

ON TWO GOLD MEDALS OP QUEEN ELIZABETH.

[Read before the Numismatic Society, December 13, 1866.]

I HAVE the honour of laying before the Society a descrip- tion of two gold medals of Elizabeth in the collection of English Medals in the British Museum. They are supposed to have been struck in 1589, to commemorate the overthrow of the Spanish Armada, and were most likely intended for presents to the superior naval officers of the English fleet, as they both have a ring for sus- pension. A silver medal of the same style, formerly belonging to Edward Hawkins, Esq., and now the property of the trustees of the British Museum, has its original silver chain. The first of these two gold medals was purchased by Mr. Webster at a late sale at the Hague. It weighs 4 oz. 45 grs., and is very highly wrought. The bust of the queen is full-faced, crowned ; the crown sur- mounted by a cross, and surrounded by a band of fleur- de-lys ; high ruff, opened in front ; pearl necklace ; gown richly adorned with pearls; sleeves puffed out and covered with pearls, terminating on the shoulders in high, pointed bows. She holds a sceptre and orb. The field of the medal is covered with fine arabesque work. M.M. Fleur- de-lys. Leg., DITIOR . IN . TOTO . NON . ALTER .

46 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

CIRC VLVS . ORBE. ,The words are separated by mullets. Rev. Bay-tree, uninjured by lightning, standing on an island. In the distance are vessels blown about; in the sea are monsters ; near the island a fish. On the island are several buildings. Inscription on the island : NON . IPSA . PERICVLA . TANGVNT. The whole is surrounded by a border of leaves. Size 15£ by 14£. [PI. II.] The second medal is smaller. Size, 13} by 13. Weight, 1 oz. 408J grs. Bust of the queen almost full- faced ; diapered and jewelled crown ; high ruff, opened in front, richly ornamented with pearls ; pearl necklace ; gown finely worked. The hands in this medal are not represented. The legend is the same. M.M. a rose. Rev. Bay-tree, uninjured by lightning, on an island. Distance : ships, sea-monsters. Upon the field, E. R. Border of leaves. The ring for suspension is chased.

It will be seen that these two interesting medals differ in many respects ; the first being heavier and larger. The work on both is fine ; though it may be said to excel on the second. On the island of the first are several buildings ; there are none on that of the second. Upon the field of the rev. of the second are the letters E . R. The field also of the obv. of the first is covered with fine arabesque work. These two medals must have formed most valu- able and queenly presents.

I have to thank Mr. Evans for calling my attention to pi. xx. of the " Monumenta Vetusta," where the smaller of these medals is represented.

S. F. CORKRAN.

NOTICE OF KEOENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS

In No. 6 (November —December) of the Revue Numis- matique there are the following articles : —

1. " Anepigraphous coins of the Volcse-Tectosages," by M. L. de la Saussaye.

2. " Letters to M. A. de Longpe"rier on Gaulish Numismatics. No. XXIV. Coins of the Petrocorii, of Apta Julia, of Nemau- sus, and others uncertain," by M. F. de Saulcy.

3. " On the Chronology of the Kings of Pontus and the Bos- phorus, and the princes of Olba, d propos of a work by M. de Sallet," by M. W. H. Waddington.

4r. " Examination of apocryphal documents relative to coins," by M. A. de Jjarth61emy.

5. " On some imitations of the French coinage from the fourteenth century to the seventeenth. Coins of the Abbe's of Saint Honorat de Le"rins," by M. A. de Longpe"rier.

In the Chromquc is the continuation of the life and works of the late Abbe" Cavedoni, by M. J. de Witte.

In the premiere livraison of the Revue Numismatique Beige for 1867 there are the following articles : —

1. '• Supplement to the catalogue of coins of the principality and bishopric of Liege," by M. A. Perreau...

2. " Catalogue of obsidional coins and pieces of necessity " (fourth article), by M. le Lt.-Col. P. Maillet.

3. " A double enigma," by M. J. Dirks.

4. " Coin of a Seigneur de Cunre struck at Eraeloord in the island of Schokland," by M. J. Hooft van Iddekinge.

5. " Some counters and leads relating to Artois," by M. L. Deschamps de Pas.

6. " A Frisian coin of Brunon attributed wrongly to the lords of Kuinre, and to Mewekinus, lord of Ruinen, by M. L. Oldenhuis Gratama," a review of the brochure, by M. J. Dirks.

7. " Gold honorary medal given by George William, Elector of Brandenburg, Duke of Prussia, &c., to William de Pabst, Lord of Kaldenbach, in 1620," by the Count Maurin Nahuys.

8. " Second supplement to the attempt at a monograph of coins and counters of the Corporations of the Pays-Baa per- mitted to wear arms " (1550—1800). by M. J. Dirks.

9. " Treasure of Wieuwerd. Gold ornaments and Merovin- gian and Byzantine coins," by M. J. Dirks.

48 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

10. " Documents pour servir a 1'histoire des Monnaies," by M. de la Fons-M^licocq.

In the Melanges are notices of various numismatic publica- tions.

The Annuaire for 1866 (the first year) of the Societe Fran- $aise de Numismatique et cT Arclieologie has just appeared. It contains the following articles : —

1. " Revision of the legends of the coins of Gaul, given by M. Duchalais in his ' Description of Gaulish coins, Paris, 1846,' " by M. E. Hucher.

2. " Examination of M. Boudard's essay on Iberian numis- matics," by M. le Vicomte de Charencey.

3. " Homonymous Greek cities and their legends," by M. Ernest Muret.

The list of towns of the same name will be found of great use to those desiring to determine the attribution of homony- mous coins.

4. " Inedited Roman coins," by M. J. Sabatier.

Among the coins here published from the cabinet of M. Hoffmann may be mentioned a gold coin of Julia Domna, of Caracalla, a very rare gold coin of Julia Sosemias, of which no specimen exists in London, Paris, Vienna, or Berlin, a new billon coin of Uranius Antoninus, struck at Emesa, a silver quinarius of Constantino I., with the legend PLVR. NATAL. FEL. in three lines, &c. Most of the aurei have since passed into the hands of M. le Vicomte de Ponton d'Ame'court, President of the French Numismatic Society. There are also some Greek imperial coins published from the collection of M. Gre*au.

In illustrating a brass medallion of Antinous, struck at Tarsus, in Cilicia, M. Sabatier has quoted in full a letter of the Emperor Hadrian to the consul Servianus, the husband of Domitia Paulina, the Emperor's sister, given by the historian Vopiscus, and said to have been taken from the works of Phlegon, a freedman of Hadrian. It may, however, be observed that one or two of the passages in it, notably that speaking of " one God, him Christians, Jews, and Gentiles worship alike," are in ail probability corrupt. Indeed it is a question if any of the letter is genuine, for, in the first place, Verus is mentioned as Ha- drian's son, whereas he was his adopted son ; and in the second place, this letter is not given by Spartian, the biographer of Hadrian, but occurs incidentally in the life of Saturninus (an usurper in the East under Probus) by Vopiscus.

An interesting portion of M. Sabatier's paper is that in which he gives a comparative table of the gold Roman coins which

NOTICE OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS. 49

have once been in the collections of Ennery, Schellersheim, Thomas, and Dupre". To these he has added another list, i.e. " Pieces of the Dupre Collection given to the Cabinet of Lon- don." From what source M. Sabatier has obtained the inform- ation concerning these coins, I am unable to say. He can- not, of course, have taken them from my account of the Wigan Collection published in 1865, or he would surely have had the courtesy to give a reference to my articles, and might have been spared falling into one or two errors. I must therefore assume that he was not aware of the publication in the Numis- matic Chronicle, 1865, of the " Account of the Wigan Collection presented to the Trustees of the British Museum." In conse- quence I seize the opportunity of pointing out that 117 Dupr6 coins were given to the trustees, and not 114; that the four following coins were not given, i.e. Lucius Verus 2, Mcesa 1, Claudius Gothicus II. 1, and that the seven following, which were given, are omitted in M. Sabatier's list : Cassia 1, Claudia 1, Rustia 1, Brutus 1, Caracalla, Severus, and Domna 1, Saloninus 1, and Carus 1.— F. W. M.

5. " Description of some inedited small brass Roman coins," by M. J. Roman.

6. "Numismatic excursion in Burgundy of the seventh cen- tury and on the frontiers of Austrasia," by M. le Vicomte de Ponton d'Ame'court.

7. *' Description of two Merovingian coins," by M. Paul Galy.

8. " Description of six Merovingian coins of G6vaudan,?> by M. de More".

9. " On four Carlovingian denier s," by M. le Dr. Colson.

10. "On the Gold Coins of Saint Louis," by M. le Baron Jerome Pichon.

11. " Note on an Inedited Coin of Rogier, Bishop of Beau- vais," by M. E. Caron.

12. " French Coinage in 1865," by M. Albert Barre.

In the Chronique are : —

1. "Numismatic and Archaeological discoveries in 1865."

2. " Public Sales of Coins in 1865."

3. " Statistics of Archaeological and Numismatic Museums of France," by M. A. Lemaitre.

4. " A General Review on the situation, developments, and Tendencies of particular Collections," by M.le Vicomte de Pon- ton d'Am^eourt.

5. " Foreign Numismatic and Archaeological So eties."

6. " The Commerce of Coins at Paris."

7. " Periodical Publications relative to Numismatics."

8. " Works announced or in course of publica'tion."

VOL. VII. JN.S. H

50 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

9. " Prizes founded iii France for Numismatics and Archaeo- logy."

10. " The Universal Exhibition in Paris of 1867."

11. " Assay of Coins in England."

12. " Necrology of Members of the Society."

Here may be found a touching account of the late Duke de Blacas by M. le Vicomte de Ponton d'Ame'court. An excellent portrait of the late Duke is given at the beginning of the An- nuaire. This section also includes brief notices of numismatists who died during 1865.

In the Eibliograpliie are the following articles : —

1. " Publications relative to Numismatics in 1804 and 1865," by M. Arthur Demarsy.

The subjects are here arranged separately, ancient, Roman, Jewish, &c. These lists will be found of much use to persons studying particular subjects.

2. " General Bibliography of Merovingian Coins," by M. le Vicomte de Ponton d'Ame'court.

3. "List of Numismatic, Historical, and Archaeological Works of members of the Society " (to be continued).

The volume concludes with a general alphabetic table of contents.

We must congratulate the Society not only on the numerous valuable articles in this their first year's publication, but also on the admirable " get-up " of the volume, which is a large octavo, containing several plates by the skilful hand of M. Dardel. W^e heartily wish the new Society success.

In consequence of some irregularity in our receipt of the Berliner Blatter fur Miinz-Siegel-und Wappenkunde our notices of that publication have been for some time interrupted, but we now resume them.

In the third Heft of Vol. II., 1865, are the following articles.

1. " Inedited Coins of Panticapseum," by the Baron von Kcehne. Among the three coins here described, one in gold and two in silver, the former is in the British Museum.

2. " Rare and inedited coins in the collection of the Baron von Prokesch-Osten," by the Baron von Koehne.

3. " Regnal years on the Alexandrian Coins of Augustus," by Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

4. " Rain represented on Ancient Coins," by Dr. Ed. Rapp. The author is of opinion that on the large brass coins of the Ptolemies it is ram that is represented as falling from the cornu- copice held by the eagle.

NOTICE OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS. 51

5. " Numismatic history of Neumark, Lebns, and the lower Lausitz," by M. Ed. Philippi.

6. " Three Pfennigs in the Laessoe Collection," and

7. '• Leo Zar," both by the Baron von Koehne.

8. " Contributions to the Numismatic History of Dantzig," by M. Vossberg.

9. " Portrait-medallion of Sigismund Bathors, Prince of Siebenbtirgen, &c.," by the Baron von Koehne.

10. " Two Medals of Count Rochtis von Lynar/' by Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

11. " Medals and Seals of Tilly," by the Baron von Koehne. The Part concludes as usual with miscellanea and notices of

the most recent coins, medals, and numismatic literature.

The first part of the third volume comprises the following articles : —

1. " Lorenz Beger," by Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

2. " Some inedited and rare Greek Coins in German and Italian collections," by the same.

3. " Coins struck under Hadrian, in Elis, with the represen- tation of the statue of the Olympian Zeus of Phidias," by the eame.

4. " Memorial of Christian Jiirgensen Thomsen," by the Baron von Koehne.

5. " The Munkegaard Find," by the late C. J. Thomsen. This hoard, which was discovered on the Island of Bornholm in 1864, consisted of 866 silver coins, associated, as is so com- monly the case with hoards belonging to the same period, viz., about A.D. 1000, with ingots, rings, and armlets of the same metal. Among the coins were a few of Curie origin, the earliest being of Ismael ben Achmed, A.D. 906, and the latest of Mansur ben Nuh, A.D. 961 — 975. Swedish, Bohemian, Swiss, Italian, and German, struck in various places, were also present : but the most numerous seem to have been the Anglo- Saxon. Of ^Ethelred II. there were no less than 164 coins, all of his earlier types. Hildebrand, A B and C. viz., the small cross, hand of Providence, and CRVX types. Of the other types, Hildebrand, 1), E, F, and C, not a single specimen was found. There were isolated coins of the rare mints, Bridgnorth, Guildford, Lymne, and Torksey, two of which were unknown to Ending, though given by Hildebraud.

6. " Deniers of Aix and Cologne of the Hohenstaufen Period," by M. H. Dannenberg.

7. ''The Kyselowitz Find (Bohemian)/' by Dr. F. S. Ku- pido.

The other articles are heraldic, miscellanea, and notices.

52 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

In the second part of the third volume are the following : —

1. " On the Alexandrian Coins of Augustus," by Dr. Schle- dehaus, with remarks by Drs. Stiive and Friedlaender.

2. " On Barbarous Coins found in Austria," by Dr. F. S. Kupido. The principal coins noticed are barbarous imitations of the Macedonian tetrudrachm, known to have been found in Carinthia and Styria. Among them are some bearing the legends ADNAMATI and NEMET.

3. " On some Roman Gold Coins of Postumus and his Con- temporaries, in the Royal Collection (at Berlin)," by Dr. Julius Friedlaender. Among these are a gold coin of Macrianus the Younger, with the reverse VICTORIA AYGG, sixteen of Postumus, including one or two not mentioned by Cohen, five gold coins of Victorinus, two of them Legionary, and one each of Tetricus I. and II.

4. " Coins of Opus in Locris struck under Galba and Otho, and of Thebes in Boeotia struck under Galba," by Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

5. " On two ' Regenbogenschussel,' with inscriptions," by the same. We noticed some years ago (N. S., vol. i. 250) the late Dr. Streber's work on these barbarous gold coins of Southern Germany, and pointed out that the antiquity of four or five centuries B.C. assigned to these coins could hardly be conceded to them. Dr. Friedlaender, though not inclined to carry the date so far back as Dr. Streber, regards them as forming an original coinage, and not as derived from the coinage of neigh- bouring and more civilised nations. The improbability of this hypothesis is great, and the presence of inscriptions in Roman characters, ATV and CVR (retrograde) proves that some, at all events, of the coins belong to a period when Roman civili- sation had come in contact with the German tribes who struck these disA-shaped pieces.

6. "Unpublished Coins of the Middle Ages," by M. H. Dannenberg.

7. " Coins of Chieti, Atri, and Sulmona," by Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

8. " Medal of Johann von Kochticski," by M. von. Duisberg: 9 and 10. "Medals of Bishop Andrew Jerin of Breslau and

of Tilly," by the Baron von Koehne.

11. " Medal of Lucretia Borgia, by Filippino Lippi," Ly Dr. Julius Friedlaender.

12. " The Rouble of Constantino I." by the Baron von Koehne. Of the coin here described but five specimens were struck, of which two were destroyed, and that here eng.aved is the only one of the other three now known to exist.

The part concludes as usual with miscellanea and notices.

NOTICE OF RECENT NUMISMATIC PUBLICATIONS. 53

ANGELSAKSISCHE MUNTEN IN 1866 GEVONDEN IN FRIES- LAND.— By MM. F. de Haan and W. Eekhoff. 8vo., pp. 26, with Two Plates ; Leeuwarden. 1866. Privately printed.

This little publication gives an account of a find of Anglo- Saxon sceattas in Friesland of a somewhat similar character to that described by M. Dirks in the Revue Numismatique Beige, Fourth Series, vol. i. p. 393, of which a notice appeared in the Numismatic Chronicle, N. S., vol. iv., p. 22. The hoard here described was rather more extensive. It was discovered in September last at a depth of about five feet, in a peat-bog not far from Hallum, a village five or six miles to the north of Leeuwarden. It had been buried in a coarse unglazed earthen- ware urn of reddish grey colour, about 12 inches high, with an opening of 10 inches diameter. The neck contracts a little, and the body of the urn then bulges out to 13 inches in dia- meter, the lower part being nearly hemispherical, with the exception of a small flat base. In general outline the urn is much like those found in Saxon cemeteries in the eastern counties, though devoid of ornament. The coins were all sceattas, of which 223 were examined, presenting thirty-one varieties more or less important. By far the greater number are varieties of Hawkins, No. 44; but Hawkins, Nos. 42 and 43, Ruding, pi. i., 7, 17, and 28, and varieties of these types, were also present. Besides there are three or four types which do not appear in English numismatic works, and may possibly be continental. The whole class of sceattas requires to be taken in hand by some competent numismatist, before we shall be able to assign a definite home and parentage to the various types comprised under the general name of sceattas, and who- ever undertakes this task must not omit to consult this carefully compiled account of Messrs, de Haan and Eekhoff.

NUMISMATIC HISTORY OF ENGLAND, FROM 1066 TO THE PRE- SENT TIME. In two papers, read before the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, by FREDERICK J JEFFERY, F.G.H.S. Liverpool, 1867.

IT is satisfactory to find that the spirit of enterprise for which our northern counties have so long been distinguished has not departed from them ; and that a gentleman, whose principal, if not only numismatic acquirement, is a copy of Ruding, is able to sit down and indite a Numismatic History of England, such as a local society finds worthy of being printed in its transac- tions. Highly satisfactory, however, as it may be to find such

54 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

a spirit, it is, on the other hand, no less unsatisfactory to find how complete is the numismatic ignorance of the author, and, therefore (it might be inferred), a fortiori, of his hearers, were such an ignorance possible.

It would be an almost hopeless and an unth an k worthy task to attempt to point out all the new facts which this enterprising writer produces, and all the new views he entertains ; but we may ob- serve that in the first few pages we find him adopting the two coins engraved in Ruding, Supp. Part IT., pi. ii., 1 and 2, as genuine coins of William Rufus, informing his readers that on the English coins of John we may read Johannes and Johannes Rex, and on the reverse, as usual, the names of his moneyer and mint ; and giving in one of his plates a quarter noble of Henry VI. as one of Edward III. He further tells them that a pennyweight was the weight of 24 grains of flour from the middle of the ear of wheat — a statement which probably refers only to milled money ; that in the reign of Henry III. the weight of the penny had been reduced to 12 grains; that angels bore the impression of St. Michael and the Dragon, which design is supposed to have been the origin of St. George and the Dragon — a piece of information of value to ecclesiastical antiquaries ; that Henry VIII. having come into possession of his father's throne and wealth in 1509, issued leaden tokens to supply the want of silver in the early part of his reign, and that afterwards he issued base coins when he had exhausted his father's wealth and adulterated the silver; that the siege -pieces of Charles I. mark, by the impres- sions they bear, the different towns he stopped at during his war with his Parliament; and that only three specimens of the Peti- tion Crown of Charles II. are known to exist — a fact which we commend to Mr. Bergne's attention, who in an earlier volume of the Numismatic Chronicle has actually dared to enumerate fifteen.

Any abstract of Ruding, however bad, will, of course, con- tain much valuable matter, but to any one possessed of even a slight acquaintance with the English coinage, Mr. Jeffery offers amusement as well as instruction. His style is also such as is not often to be met with. We annex an extract relating to the coinage of Queen Anne. " Though the late Sovereign's coins were good, they stand ineagre when compared with the elegant dies of this Queen. The impression seems as if it is meant to stand the wear and the friction of the currency, and is con- sidered by some as the point to divide the history of the coin- age into two parts, though the authorities of such an opinion admit that they do not excel Simon's impres-ion.s on the Pro- tector's issue."

MISCELLANEA. 55

In vol. vii. part i. of the original papers of the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society is a notice of Roman coins and antiquities found at Caistor, next Yarmouth, by the late Rev. E. S. Taylor. The coins, chiefly third brass, were, principally found at the time of the construction of the reservoir of the Great Yarmouth Waterworks, in 1855, the Roman camp having been selected as the site of a reservoir in consequence of its occupying the highest ground in the neighbourhood. About one hundred varieties of coins are described, ranging in date from A.D. 80 to A.D. .370, those of the Lower Empire predomi- nating. Numerous of the small barbarous imitations of the coins of the Lower Empire were also found. The coins described present no particular features of interest, so far as regards novelty of type, or even rarity. There are, however, among them a Julia Paula in silver, and a Delmatius in third brass.

MISCELLANEA.

LIST OF COINS found by William Garrick Wright, at Aber- nethy, in Perthshire, on lowering the clay floor of one of the rooms of his house, iu November, 1866. The coins were in an earthenware vessel, which was broken to pieces : —

Henry VIII. side-faced groat ... 1 James III. half-pi ack. .... 1 James III. and IV. placks (about equal) . Ill James V. placks . . . . .45 half- placks . . 3

„ third of groat .... 1

Mary testoons, 1558, "IN VIRTVTE," &c. . 3

„ testoon, 1 558, Francis and Mary,

" FECIT VTRAQVE VNVM " . 1

„ testoons, Francis and Mary.

1560, " VICIT LEO," &c. . .

„ Francis and Mary, "IAMNON SVNT."

„ Edinburgh placks . . .

half-placks .

,, Stirling placks ....

„ placks, 7£ev. "SERVIOETVSVTEROR.

„ penny with Queen's head crowned

Total .518

56 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

In January last a gold coin of Nero, in excellent preservation, Rev. " Sains," was found in the parish of Eccles, near Cold- stream, and is now at Exchequer. G. SIM.

NUMISMATIC QUERIES.— I have two small electrmn coins in my possession, as to which I should be much pleased to receive some information.

1. Size, 1 ; 38 grs. ; head of Apollo, 1. Rev. Macedonian incuse.

2. Size 1| ; 39£ grs. Female head, veiled, r., Demeter. Eev. Tripod with two pendent fillets, within a square.

They came into my possession some years ago, before I thought of becoming a collector. No. 1 was attributed (I believe) to Phocis. No. 2 to Gaulos or Melite. I have not been able to find No. 1 in Eckhel or Leake. But they have similar types to No. 2 ; though they are all in brass and with Punic or Greek inscriptions. (Eck., i. 267-8. Leake, Int. Gr. 56, 62.)

A few years back I saw the same coins in gold in the Museum at Berlin, and I made a memorandum of the towns to which they were attributed ; but unfortunately I have lost it.

T. J. ARNOLD.

I am a good deal puzzled with the legend on the following gold coin of Syracuse. Size 2.

5 Y P. Head of young Heracles in lion's scalp. „ 2. Y.Hn the angles of a quad. inc. divided into four; ev' A. 9 .Jin the centre a female head, 1., in a sunken circle.

The coin is evidently of a very ancient type. It is not men- tioned by Eckhel. But it is given by Leake (Ins. Gr. 70). He, however, reads the legend on the reverse S. Y. P. A., and does not say it is boustrophedon. Nor does it appear that 9 was a form of P (See table of Gr. letters, I. Eck., Prol. Gen., civ.), but it was an ancient form of K. Is it possible that in the above coin the P is omitted, and that the legend is 2 V (P) A 9 ? It is to be remarked that the P on the obverije is in the usual form. T. J. AHNOLD.

REPLIES. — The two electrum coins are of Asia Minor; the first unattributed, the second ascrib >d to Parium.

The gold coins of Syracuse of the type described above.

S Y known to me, always read p ^

The specimen above seems to read in a different direction, but the supposed 9 can only, I venture to think, be a mis- shapen P. REGINALD STUART POOLE.

ROMAN MEDALLIONS.

Finn. Chron. N.S. Vol. VII. PL 11.

57

VI.

ROMAN COINS STRUCK IN BRITAIN.

THIS catalogue is one of the results of a new classification of the Lower Empire series lately adopted at the British Museum. The coins of this period are no longer classed by emperors and alphabetically according to their reverses, but by mints and monetary periods. This arrangement shows the chronological order of the coins issued by each mint, and illustrates history far better than the system generally followed.

Coins of Carausius and Allectus.

287-290 ? Coins of Carausius without mint-marks, 'and mostly of inferior workmanship.

290P-293. Gold and copper coins of Carausius with the mint-mark of London, and copper only with that of Camulodunum. His silver coins with the exergual mark RSE probably belong to this period and to the mint of London. Also gold and copper coins of Maximian with the mint-mark of London, and copper of Diocletian with those of London and Camulodunum, all struck by Carausius. No gold coins of Diocletian struck in London, nor copper of Maximian struck at Camulodunum, have yet been found, but there can be little doubt of their existence.

293-296. Gold and copper coins of Allectus with the mint-mark of

London, and copper only with that of Camulodunum.

He does not appear to have issued any silver. The large

copper coin called follis was introduced in the continental

VOL. VII. N.S. I

58 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

provinces about this time, and was issued at the restora- tion, instead of the copper denarius of the two usurpers. The mint-mark of Camulodunuin, C or CL, which may also be read Colonia, disappears after the reign of Allectus, and nothing but copper and billon seems to have been coined in London during those of Maximian, Constantius, and Constantine.

Copper Coins without Mint-marks.

296-305. Diocletian Augustus . Maximian Augustus .

(PI. III. No. 3.) !GEmopopvLI Constantius Caesar .

(PL III. No. 1.) Galerius Caesar . .

Although mint-marks are wanting, the attribution of these coins to Britain may be considered as certain. The earlier are similar in style to the coinage of Carausius and Allectus, and unlike that of the Continental mints of the same period. The later, as well as those that follow, are imitated from the better designed coins issued by the Gallic mints.

305-306.

(PI. III. No. 4.) OTIES AVGG-

Constantius Augustus .

(PL in. No. 5.]

Galerius Augustus . ,

Severus Caesar . . ,

(PL III. No. 5.) } GENIO POPVLI ItOMANI. Maximin Caesar . . . 306. Severus Augustus . .

(PL III. No. 5.) Constantine Caesar . .

Besides these coins, in which the bust is always paludated, robed, or cuirasscd, there is an extremely rare set of Diocletian and Maximian as Augusti, and Constantius and Galerius as Caesars, with the mint-mark LON, the bust bare, and the usual reverse, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI (PL III. No. 2). There are three sets of the same tetrarchy, with the same reverse, which, from their fabric, evidently belong to the mint of Lyons, and not to that of London. In the two first the bust is always bare ; in the third, either bare or ornamented. The mint-mark is wanting in the first ; it is, in the second, LA or LB, and in the third, LP or PL, with A or B.

ROMAN COINS STRUCK IN BRITAIN. 59

Copper Coins with or without PLN. 306-307. Diocletian after abdication QVIES AVGG. (PI. III. No. 6.)

GENIO POP. BOM.

Galerius Augustus . . . GENIO POP. ROM.

(PL m. No. 8.)

Maximiii Caesar .... GENIO POP. ROM. Constantino Coesar . . . GENIO POP. ROM.

MARTI PACIF. MARS VICTOR. ROMAE AETER.

306-310. Maximian after abdication GENIO POP. ROM.

HERCVLI CONSERVATOR!.

(PI. III. No. 7.)

MARS VICTOR.

MARTI PATRI PROPVGNATORI.

ROMAE AETER.

306-312. Constantius after death . MEMORIA FELIX. 307-312. Constantine Augustus . .GENIO POP. ROM.

MARTI PATRI PROPVG.

(PL III. No. 9.)

PRINCIPI IWENTVTIS.

These coins are smaller than those of the preceding class, and there is a further gradual reduction in the two next.

Copper Coins with PLN and a Star in the Field. 312-317? Constantine Augustus . . ADVENTVS AVG.

ADVENTVS AVG. N. ADVENTVS AVG. NN. COMITI AAVGG. (sic.) COMITI AVGG. NN. CONCORD. MILIT. FELICITAS AVGG. NN. MARTI CONSERVATORI. PRINCIPI IWENTVTIS. ROMAE RESTITVTAE. SECVRITAS AVGG. SOLI INVICTO COMITI.

(PL III. No. 10.)

SPES REIPVBL.

Licinius Augustus „ . . COMITI AAVGG. (sic.)

GENIO POP. ROM.

(PL III. No. 11.)

SECVRITAS AVGG.

312-313. Maximin Augustus . . COMITI AAVGG. (sic.}

GENIO POP. ROM.

(PL III. No. 11.)

60

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

Copper Coins with MLL, MSL, MLN, or PLN, and F, SF,

SP, TF, a Crescent, or a Crescent and Star in the Field.

317 ?-32 1 ? Constantino Augustus. . ADVENTVS AVG. N.

GENIO POP. ROM. MARTI CONSERVATOR!. PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS.

(PI. LEI. NO. 12.) SOLI INVICTO COMITI.

(PL HI. No. 13, and PI. IV. No. 1.)

GENIO POP. ROM. SOLI INVICTO COMITI.

(PI. in. No. 14.)

PRINCIPI IWENTVTIS.

(PL IV. No. 2.

SOU INVICTO COMITI. PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS. SOLI INVICTO COMITI.

(PL IV. No. 3.) No coins yet found.

Licinius Augustus .

317-321? Crispus Csesar

Constantine jun. Caesar

VIRTVS EXERCIT.

(PL IV. No. 4.)

Licinius jun. Csesar

Copper Coins with PLN. 321 ?-323. Constantino Augustus . Crispus Csesar . . Constantine jun. Csesar

Billon Coins with PLN, or two Captives with or without PL. 312-323. Constantine Augustus . \

317-323. Crispus Csesar . . . > VICTORIAE LAETAE PRETC. PEEP. Constantine jun. Csesar ) (PL IV. Nos. 5, 6, 7.)

Copper Coins with PL ON, and head to right or left. 323. Constantine Augustus .

BE ATA TRAXQLITAS (sic.) )

323-326. Crispus Csesar

. .,,,

Copper Coins with PL ON, and head to right. 323-330? Constantine Augustus . . PROVIDENTIAE AVGG. )

SARMATIA DEVICTA. \

(PL IV. No. 10.)

. PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. VOT X CAESAR VM NOSTRORVM. (PL IV. NO. 11.)

Constantine jun. Csesar . PROVIDENTIAE CAESS.

VOT X CAESARVM NOSTRORVM.

(PL IV. No. 11.)

PROVIDENTIAE CAESS.

(PL IV. No. 12.)

f 'onRtantius jun. Caesar

ROMAN COINS STRUCK IN BRITAIN. 61

323-326. Fausta Augusta . . . . SALVS REIPVBLICAE.

(PI. IV. No. 13.) 323-328? Helena Augusta . . . SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE. (sic.)

(PL IV. No. 14.)

Copper Coins of the reign of Constantine not found with the

Mint-mark of London. 330P-337. Constantine Augustus . ->

Constantine jun. Csesar

Constantius jun. Caesar >GLORIA EXERCITVS. 333-337. Constans Csesar ... 335-337. Delmatius Csesar , . J

Hanniballian Eex . . . SECVRITAS PVBLICA. 330 P-337. Helena after death. . . PAX PVBLICA.

Theodora after death . . ^IETAS ROMANA.

Eome VRBS ROMA.

Constantinople .... CONSTANTINOPOLIS.

These types must have been introduced about the time of the dedication of Constantinople, in 330, and there can be little doubt that the mint of London, which was not very important, was sup- pressed in the general reorganisation of the empire which then took place. The London series is less complete than those of some of the Continental mints. It is therefore necessary, in order to deter- mine even approximately the date of a class of coins of the London mint, to compare it with the corresponding class of other mints, particularly of that of Treves.

Revival of the London Mint lij Magnus Maximus, in 383.

There are very rare gold solid! of Magnus Maximus, with the legend VICTORIA AVGG., and the mint-mark AVGOB. (PL IV. No. 15), which are generally supposed to have been struck at Treves, but as we have similar coins of this usurper with both SMTR and TROB, it is far more likely that AVGOB belongs to Londinium- Augusta than to Augusta Trevirorum, better known under the later empire by the name of Treviri (Smith's Geo- graphical Dictionary, LONDINIVM and AVGVSTA TREVIRORVM).

That Magnus Maximus should have revived the mint of London is not to be wondered at. He rebelled in Britain, and some time elapsed before he got possession

62 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

of Gaul and of the mints of Treves, Lyons, and Aries. A mint was indispensable to a Roman emperor, and particularly so to one who owed the purple to his army. Had he failed to overthrow Gratian, these Augusta coins would have been the only numismatic record of his usur- pation.

It is very likely that this mint was again suppressed when Magnus Maximus had established himself in Gaul! At all events, it does not seem to have been kept up after his death, as we have no London coins of his successors, Valentinian II and Eugenius. After the defeat of the latter, by Theodosius, in 394, the three Gallic mints were closed till revived under Honorius by the usurpers Constantine and Jovinus (407 — 413).

There is at the British Museum a solidus of Theodosius I with the mint-mark AVGOB and the same reverse as those of Magnus Maximus (PI. IV. No. 16). It is of inferior pale gold, and of bad workmanship, and probably belongs, not to the imperial mint of London, but to a numerous series of barbarous imitations which, together with the coins of the usurpers Constantine and Jovinus, fill up the interval between the last Gallic coins of Eugenius, and the several classes of still more barbarous workman- ship traceable to the Visigothic, Burgundian, and other early mediaeval monarchies.

Since this paper was read, Mr. John Evans has met with, and has most kindly offered to the national collec- tion a specimen, unpublished and hitherto unique, of the silver struck in London by Magnus Maximus. This coin is not very well preserved, and weighs 27'5 grains. The legend of the reverse is, like that of the solidus, VIC- TORIA AVGG., and the exergual mint-mark AVGPS, instead of AVGOB (PI. IV. No. 17).

J. F. W. DE SALIS.

Num. CkranJf.S Vol. VEflM

ROMAN COINS STRUCK iN BRITAIN.

•-

Vum.Chron-N.S. Vol. WLPUl

ROMAN COINS STRUCK IN BRITAIN.

63

VII.

AN ACCOUNT OP THE HOARD OF ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM, SUSSEX.

[Read before the Numismatic Society, April 18, 1867.]

SOME time ago Mr. Vaux read, at a meeting of the Numismatic Society, a paper on a large and important hoard of Anglo-Saxon coins found at Chancton Farm, in the neighbourhood of Steyniug, Sussex.

On that occasion he gave the Society a full account of the circumstances of their discovery, together with a list of some of the types occurring in the hoard, and of those mints which, after our first examination of the coins in question, he found, represented.

Since that time I have myself been at work upon the coins, and have been obliged to go with great minuteness into the numerous varieties of mints, moneyers, and types which occur upon them, so that I am at length able to lay before the Society the result of my examination.

As, however, Mr. Vaux does not intend to print what he then read before the Society, and has most kindly given me every information respecting the history of this important discovery — for which he was indebted to the Rev. James Beck, Vicar of Storrington — I will (before giving an account of the coins) briefly recapitulate the circumstances under which they were found.

About two years ago, at Upper Chancton Farm, three

64 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

miles from Storrington, an old barn, fenced in and sur- rounded by a hedge-row (in which were some large trees), was removed ; the trees were cut down and the ground ploughed up. It was not, however, until the 21st of last December that a large root in the hedgerow was removed to allow the plough to pass, which, in so doing, brought to light a crock full of silver coins — not, however, without (at the same time) smashing it into fragments so small that we are unable to say what may have been its exact mag- nitude.

A scramble took place among the labourers on the spot, and many of the coins were carried away by them ; the bulk, however, found its way to the Government, and in answer to an application, made without delay by Mr. Vaux to Mr. Greenwood, the Solicitor of the Treasury, all the coins which had come into his hands (in number about 1,611) were forwarded to the Museum for examination ; these, together with 108 specimens previously forwarded by Mr. Beck, made the total number thus recovered amount to about 1,720. Before these coins were collected, however, considerable numbers are supposed to have been sold to people at Shoreham, Brighton, and even London ; while some, Mr. Beck informs us, are still secreted by the villagers, in the hope of obtaining, at some future time, a good price for them.

The land on which these coins were found is the pro- perty of the Duke of Norfolk, who readily waived any claim he might be supposed to have had upon the coins found on his estate, sending to tell Mr. Vaux so some days before the arrival of the coins from the Treasury.

As soon as the collection was placed in our hands we carefully went through the whole of it, and found that, with the exception of 58 coins of Harold II., it consisted

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 65

of pennies of Edward the Confessor. The coins, on the whole, may be said to be in very good preservation ; many of them being as fresh as though they had just been issued from the mint. A large number, however, were coated with a green rust, which had formed in lumps of consider- able thickness, generally only on a small portion of the coin, so that it rarely interfered to any extent with the deci- phering of the legend. This copper verdigris, Professor Maskelyne, Keeper of the Mineralogical Department in the British Museum, informs us, could not have arisen from the working out of any alloy which might originally have been blended with the silver ; whence it came we have, therefore, no evidence to show.

After having selected such of the coins as were not already represented in Museum Collection, and having classified the entire collection according to mints, I pro- ceeded to make a complete catalogue of the whole, which I have now the honour of laying before the Society.

It is, I suppose, by far the richest collection of Edward the Confessor's coins which exists, for the present hoard more than doubles the collection previously in the Museum.

1 have partially adopted Hildebrand's arrangement, as by far the best .and most scientific we possess ; I have noticed in my remarks on the types what I consider to be the main varieties in the obverse legends, though I have thought it unnecessary to enumerate the endless irregu- larities of spelling which occur upon the obverses of coins of this period ; in proof of which, I need only mention the fact that Hildebrand finds the king's name spelt in no less than sixty-seven different ways. My attention has therefore been, in a great measure, confined to the re- verses, although I have taken notice of all such variations

VOL. VII. N.S. K

()f> NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

in the obverse as may be considered of sufficient impor- tance to constitute a variety of type.

To show the importance of the Chancton Find, I have given a complete catalogue of the Confessor's coins, pre- viously represented in the National Collection, side by side with that of the new hoard. It will thus be seen at a glance how the present find stands in regard to our previous collection, in what respects it is richer, and where it is defective.

In this catalogue I have distinguished the types accord- ing to Hildebrand's plates, keeping to the same letters of the alphabet.

In my remarks on the types, I have been, however, led by various considerations to depart in some instances from Hildebrand's arrangement ; and I there submit to the Society a new arrangement of my own, not in confi- dence that it is an improvement upon Hildebrand's, for, by my ignorance of the Swedish language, I have un- fortunately been prevented from altogether following the reasons he gives for his arrangement of the types.

For the convenience of such as may not possess Hilde- brand's work, I have given under each type references to Mr. Hawkins's book and to Ruding's plates.

Now, the main interest attaching to coins of this period is of a local character. They are monuments con- tributing to the local history of the time. It is, therefore, very necessary in a catalogue to arrange them under the towns to which they belong ; only in this way can we hope to obtain some knowledge of the relative importance of the various mints. A mere list of the moneyers' names, unless coupled with one of the towns where they occur, is worse than useless — I say worse, for in many cases we are actually led astray by such a list. Ruding

ANGLO-SAXON COINS POUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 67

for instance, makes frequent blunders in his detached lists of mints and moneyers, solely for lack of the aid which the comparison of one coin with another affords, when they are properly classified under their respective towns.

In the catalogue, I have therefore arranged the coins under their mints, at the same time keeping the types separate, not, as Hildebrand does, mingling the various types, by adhering to an alphabetical list of moneyers ; this of course necessitates a repetition of some of the moneyers under each successive type, and renders the list somewhat lengthy, but I think on the whole it is the better arrangement.

Moneyers of similar names, and at the same place, may or may not be the same men, — in most cases probably they are ; but by keeping the various types distinct, we are enabled to discern certain peculiarities in the spelling of the names, both on the obverse and reverse, which seem to be characteristic marks of the several types.

I will now give an account of the types as I find them upon these coins ; I shall afterwards, under the head of Mints, notice certain additions to some of them which are hardly of sufficient importance to constitute varieties, but which seem to be the distinguishing marks of moneyers, and in one or two cases of towns, when we find a similar mark adopted by more than one moueyer in the same locality. Such, for instance, is the annulet, the well-known distinctive mint-mark of York. Some of these that I shall mention are new to us, and others, though not new, have not, to the best of my knowledge, been noticed by any one before.

Nearly all these remarkable coins will be found figured upon Plate VI.

68 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

TYPES.

TYPE I. [Hildebrand, Type A.]

OlVt — Bust of the king to left, radiated crown. Rev. — Small cross within inner circle.

Plate V., No. 1. Hawkins, xvii. 226. Ending, xxv. 33, 34.

This type is only represented in the Chancton hoard by four specimens, one each of London and Chester, and two of Winchester. The obverse bears a general resem- blance to some of the types of Harthacnut and Harold I. ; the usual reading is EDpERD REX A. This type is more largely represented in the Cabinet of Stockholm than any other, there being ninety- eight specimens : a strong reason for assigning it to quite the early part of Edward's reign, before the remission of the Danegeld, which took place in 1052.

TYPE II. [Hildebrand, Type B.]

Obv.— King's bust to left, filleted. Rev. — Cross voided.

Hawkins, xvii. 229. Ruding, xxvi. 36, 37, 38.

This type is entirely unrepresented in the Chancton Find, although there are as many as 140 specimens of it in the British Museum.

The legend of the obverse is EDpERD RE.

The coins of this type are considerably smaller and lighter than those of any other of this king's reign. It is probably one of his early types.

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 69

TYPE III. [Hildebrand, Type C.]

Obv. — King's bust to left, filleted ; sceptre.

Rev. — Cross voided within inner circle ; on the centre a

square compartment, with three pellets at each

corner.

Plate V., No 2. Hawkins, xvii. 220. Ruding, xxv. 21, 22, 23, 24.

This type closely resembles a type of Harthacnut (Hawkins, xvii. 218). At Stockholm there are as many as sixty-eight specimens of it ; in the present find there is only one example ; and as we know that this hoard was not deposited until the time of Harold II., we may suppose these coins to have been out of circulation, or nearly so. The obverse legend is generally EDpERD REX.

TYPE IV. [Hildebrand, Type D. ]

Obv. — King's bust to left, filleted ; sceptre. Rev. — Cross voided, each limb terminating in a crescent, an annulet on the centre. P — A — E — X in the angles.

Hawkins, xvii. 221. Ruding, xxiv. 12.

There are no examples of this type in the Chancton hoard. It closely resembles one of Cnut's types. (Haw- kins, xvi. 210.)

The obverse legend of this type is EDpERD or EDJ7ARD REX.

TYPE V. [Hildebrand, Type E.]

Obv. — King's bust to left, filleted ; sceptre.

Rev. — Cross, limbs gradually expanding, issuing from a central circle or circles.

Plate V., No. 3. Hawkins, xvii. 219. Ruding, xxiv. 1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8/

70 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

There are 133 specimens of this type in the Chancton hoard; and among them are a few affording certain peculiarities, which are engraved on Plate VI., Nos. 7, 13, 14

This is probably the last of the earlier types of the Confessor's reign.

The obverses of the five types I have just considered, as may be seen by a glance at the plates to which I have referred, bear to one another a striking resemblance. The head of the king is youthful and unbearded, the hair is enclosed in a round cap, peaked in front, which is encircled by a fillet, except upon the coins of Type I., where a ra- diated crown is substituted for the fillet. Upon all these types the king's name is spelt EDPERD or ED]7 ARD, while upon his later types it is almost always written EADPARD,

Before proceeding to the next type, the two varieties engraved on Plate V., Nos. 4 and 5, should be noticed. These appear to be intermediate links between Types V. and VI.

No. 4, retaining the obverse of Type V., is quite a new variety; it is a coin of Thetford, and reads : —

Obv.— * EDpERD REEX : Rev.—* 60DELEOF ON DEOT.

No. 5 has the new obverse of Type VI., but the bust is turned to the left, as upon all the early types. Of this variety there are four examples in the Chancton hoard ; they are from Southampton, Hereford, London, and Win- chester.

A coin of this variety is engraved in Ruding, pi. xxv. 19.

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 71

TYPE VI. [Hildebrand, Type F.]

Obv. — King's bust to the right, bearded, wearing a pointed helmet ; sceptre terminating in a cross ; fleur-de- lys, or three pellets, in his right hand.

Rev. — Cross voided, terminating in three crescents within inner circle, annulet on the centre.

Plate V., No. 6. Hawkins, xvii. 227. Ending, xxv. 18, 20.

This type is very largely represented in the Chancton hoard ; there are as many as 425 specimens of it. It is the first of the later types of the king's reign. He is henceforth represented as an older man, and bearded. That these, and, in fact, all coins of the middle ages, are intended to be real portraits, and are trustworthy, how- ever rudely they may be executed, is, I believe, now generally admitted by those who have studied the subject of historical portraiture.

The obverses of this type still retain the old spelling, EDJ7ERD or EDJ?ARD.

The letter S on these coins is frequently formed thus 5.

I have already noticed the connecting links between this type and the preceding ones. I will now endea- vour to show how it is connected with the types that follow, and to determine which of them is to be its imme- diate successor.

Hildebrand places next in order the type engraved 011 Plate V., No. 8. Now if we grant, what I confess appears to me a probable supposition, viz., that at the introduction of a new type the old dies continued for a short period in occasional use, thus forming combinations of the obverse of one type and the reverse of another — if we acknowledge that these combinations do form links between successive types, then I must differ from Hilde-

72 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

brand's arrangement, and place next in order what is commonly called the Sovereign type ; I mean that which bears on the reverse the arms of Edward the Confessor. I place this type next, first, because there is a coin in the Hunter Museum at Glasgow, engraved in Rudiug, xxv. 17, having the obverse of Type VI., and the re- verse of the Sovereign type ; and second, because in the Chancton hoard I have met with two coins on which there are plainly visible traces of the four martlets below the new type struck upon them; the reverse of Type VIII. being struck over that of Type VII., thus proving beyond a doubt that it ought to succeed that type.

TYPE VII. [Hildebrand, Type H. i

Obv. — The king seated on throne, generally bearded, and wearing a crown of two arches surmounted by three pearls, holding in his right hand a sceptre, in his left an orb surmounted by a cross.

Rev. — Cross voided within inner circle. A martlet in each

angle. Plate V., No. 7. Hawkins, xvii. 228 Rutling, pi. xxiv.

13, 14 ; xxv. 15, 16 ; xxviii. 2.

Of this type there are 303 coins in the Chancton Find.

The obverse legend is generally EADpARD or EADVVEARDVS REX. AN, ANCL, ANDLOR, &c., &c. The letters on these coins are perhaps not quite so clearly struck as usual, — often rendering them difficult to decipher.

The obverse of this type is probably imitated from the last silver Roman coins current in England, — those of Valentinian II., Theodosius I., Arcadius, and Eugenius, — numbers of which must have remained and been in circu- lation long after the departure of the Romans; and though of course they could not have circulated largely

-ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CIIANCTON FARM. 73

after a lapse of centuries, they would have been probably well known, and formed a good model for an entirely new style of type.

The cross and martlets which form the reverse of this type are commonly called the arms of the Confessor. In a manuscript work in the British Museum,, by Segar, Garter- King- at- Arms in the reign of James I., which professes to give the arms of every king of England, from the time of Brute downwards, I find the following account of the arms of Edward the Confessor. He says, " Edward bare upon his armes ' Crucem floridam auream in campo caeruleo, inter quinque merulas sine pedibus/ which armes are called the ancient armes of England. Theis martletts (birdes withoute feet) were assumed by him, for that, being disinherited by the Danes, hee was forced to flye, having no assured ground to rest on, and therefore was called in scorne by the Danes ' Edwardus sine terra/ "

This, of course, must be taken for what it is worth, which I am afraid is not very much ; for the birds upon these coins have legs j so have the birds upon the Con- fessor's arms sculptured upon the south wall of West- minster Abbey. The heraldic martlet without legs and beak is of much later origin.

The cross and martlets, then, though no doubt used in Saxon times as a distinctive device for banners, &c., cannot be correctly called the arms of the Confessor ; for the science of heraldry, properly so called, had its origin only in the Holy Wars, and was not perfected until the middle of the thirteenth century. The venerable Bede, in his Ecclesiastical History, perhaps refers to the standard used by some of the Saxon kings, in the following passage, where he mentions the standard of St. Oswald, which was laid upon his tomb : — " Lota igitur ossa intulerunt in

VOL. VII. N.S. L

74 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

thecam, quam in hoc prseparaverant, atque in ecclesia juxta honorem congruum posuerunt : et ut regia viri saiicti persona memoriam haberet seternam, vexillum ejus super tumbam auro et purpura compositum adposuerunt, ip- samque aquam in qua laverant ossa, in angulo sacrarii fuderunt."— -Hist. Eccles., iii. xi. Monumenta Historica Britannica, i. 183.

Nevertheless, this device has from very early times been regarded as the arms of St. Edward, and in the time of Richard II. was impaled with the then received arms of England.

Willement, in his Regal Heraldry, gives the following extract from Froissart (Edit. Pynson, vol. ii., fol. 258), which, though it differs in the tinctures from the arms usually assigned to St. Edward, is borne out by these coins, as he mentions only four martlets, while Edward is generally said to have added a fifth to the device already used since the time of Edgar : —

" Of olde tyme there was a Kynge in Engla.de named Edwarde, who is a saynt and canonised, and honoured through all this realme. In his tyme he subdued the Danes, and dis- comfited them by batayle on the see thre times. And this Saint Edwarde, Kynge of Englande, Lorde of Irelande and of Acquitaine, the Yrishmen loved and dredde him muche more than any other Kynge of Englande that had been before. And therefore our soverayne lorde Kyng Rychard this yere past, whan he was in Irelande, in all his armories and devices, he left the bering of the armes of England, as the lybardes and flour delyces quarterly, and bare the armes of this Saint Edwarde, that is a crosse patent golde and goules with four white martenettes in the fclde ; whereof it was sayd the Yrish- men were .well pleased, and the soner they enclyned to him."

We now come to the link between Types VII. and VIII. It is a coin of Lincoln, on which the obverse of Type VII. is still retained, after the introduction of the

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 75

new reverse. It is engraved in Ruding, xxviii. 3, and is in the British Museum. There is no example of this unique variety in the Chancton Find.

TYPE VIII. [Hildebrand, Type G.]

Obv. — King's bust to the right, bearded, and wearing a crown of two arches surmounted by three pearls ; sceptre.

Rev. — Cross voided, each limb terminating in an incurved segment of a circle.

Plate V., No. 8. Hawkins, xvii. 222. Ruding, xxiv. 9, 10.

Of this type there are 578 specimens in the Chancton hoard.

The obverse legend is usually EADpARD RE.

In the British Museum is a coin of Chester, reading AGLRIE ON LEHR (PI. V., No. 9). It unites the obverse of Type VIII. with the reverse of Type I. Now, as I have already shown, there can be little doubt but that Type I. is, if not indeed the very first, at any rate one of the early types of the Confessor's reign.

Here, then, is a coin with the obverse of a late type, and the reverse of quite an early one ; we must place it, there- fore, after Type VIII., and conclude that the early reverse must have been revived. The character of the obverse surely precludes us from considering it, with Hildebrand, merely as a variety of Type I.

TYPE IX. [Hildebrand, Type A, var. c.]

Obv. — Bust of the king, front, bearded, and wearing the same crown as on the preceding type.

Rev. — Small cross within inner circle.

Plate V., No. 10. Hawkins, xvii. 225. Rudi ng,xxv. 29, 30, 31.

76 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

Though Hildebrand calls this type a variety of Type I., the following reasons will, I think,, justify me not only in treating it as a distinct type, but in transferring it from the beginning to the latter part of the reign.

1st. In the present Find there are as many as 138 speci- mens of it ; we can therefore hardly consider it as a mere occasional variety.

2nd. There are only three examples of it in the cabinet of Stockholm, while of Type I. there are as many as 98. This fact alone is sufficient to prove that it was not struck until after the remission of the Danegeld in 1052, otherwise it would doubtless have been as well repre- sented at Stockholm as the other early types.

3rd. The king is represented, as on the later types, with a beard, and wearing the crown with two arches and three pearls, as upon Types VII. and VIII., the only difference being that he is drawn full-face, and that the sceptre is omitted.

4th. The name of the king upon the obverse, as upon Types VII., VIII., and X., is spelt E ABOARD, while upon the earlier types the usual reading is EDpEE/D or EDJ7ARD.

In the Chancton hoard are several coins of this type, with peculiar additions to the usual reverse. I will notice them when I come to consider the mints ; they are en- graved on Plate VI., Nos. 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12.

The variety engraved in Ruding, xxv. 32, having four small crescents in the circle opposite each angle of the cross, still remains unique.

TYPE X. [Hildebrand, Type I.]

Obv. — King's bust to the right, bearded; crown arched, with pendant terminating in three pellets hanging down at the side ; sceptre in front.

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 77

Rev. — Cross voided, pyramid terminating in a pellet in each

le. Plate V., No. 12. Ending, xxv. 26, 27.

This type, from the resemblance it bears to the coins of Harold II., is probably the last coinage of any importance in this reign.

There are 54 examples of it in the Chancton hoard. Among these is a specimen of the very rare full-face •variety (Ruding, xxv. 25). The Chaucton specimen reads LEOFKED ON EREELA. It is in perfect preservation. On Plate V., No. 11, I have placed it before Type X. The obverse being somewhat similar to Type IX., seems to connect the two. On the coins of this type I have noticed a peculiarity in the formation of the diphthong M, which is shared by many coins of Type IX. (another reason for transferring that type to the latter part of the reign). Instead of the usual short stroke attached to the top of the E, to represent the A, we find on these coins a long stroke quite detached from the E ; thus, ST EN, ELF PINE, are written ST/EN, 7ELFJ7INE.

Of the varieties of this type engraved in Ruding, xxv. 28, 35, there are no examples in the Chancton Find ; nor is there a specimen of the type with PAX written across the field (Ruding, xxiv. 11 ; c. 21).

The following is a table of the types of King Edward, with the number of coins of each which occur in the Chancton Find. These numbers include the varieties : —

( I. Plate V. No. 1 .... 4 coins.

II. Hawkins, xvii. 229 . . .0 Early types. •( III. Plate V. No. 2 ....!„ IV. Hawkins, xvii. 221 ... 0 V. Plate V. No. 3 ... 133 „

VI. V. No. 6 430

78 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

{VII. Plate V. No. 7 . . . 303 coins. VI£ ;; ;; £&: : : SI ;; X. „ „ No. 12. . . 54 „

Of these types, the first five have the bust to the left, and upon these the usual form of the king's name is EDpERD or EDJ7ARD.

The last five have the bust to the right, except Type IX., which is full-face, and upon the last four the king's name is written EADJ7ARD.

MINTS.

•

On the opposite page is a table of the Mints represented in the Chancton Find, with the number of moneyers coining under each type. The total number who coined in each town during the reign of the Confessor is obtained by amalgamating the types, and only counting once the same or similar names occurring under more than one type. In some cases perhaps these names may represent different persons ; but, as a rule, it is safer to treat them as iden- tical.

Those who wish to know the names of the moneyers, I must refer to my catalogue.

Of these fifty-three mints, the twenty following are not mentioned by Hildebrand as occurring upon the Con- fessor's coins : —

Bedford Rochester

Bedwin Romney

Chichester Sandwich

Colchester Shaftesbury

Cricklade Steyning

Guildford Southwark

Huntingdon Taunton

Maldon Wallingford

Malmesbury Wareham

Newport Watchet

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM,

79

Types.	I.	III.	V.	VI.	vn.	VIII.	IX.	X.	Total of Moneyers.
							1		1
Bath			1	?,	1	a	1		4
Bedford				1	1	i	1		3
						i			1
Bristol			9,			3	1		5
				1	2				2
			3	fi	4	7	4	2	11
	1			a	1	1	1		5
			1	3	8	8	2	2	3
				5				1	5
Cricklade			1	1	1	1		1	2
Derby .				1					1
Dorchester						1	1		1
Dover			1	3	8	?,	8	1	5
Exeter			?	4	9	3	1	?,	6
			1	4	?,	?,	1		7
Guildford			1	1	1	2	1		2
Hastings			?,	9,	?,	8	1		4
Hereford				?,	1		1		4
Hertford				1			1		1
						1	1		2
Hythe ....				,		1	1 (?)		2 (3?)
Ilchester .				1		1			2 ^
Ipswich						1		1	2
Leicester . .			1	2	2		1		6
Lewes			3	4	4	4	3	3	8
			2	7	1	6	2	8	14
London	1		16	24	17	19	s	4	45
Maldon					1				1
Malmesbury						1			1
Newport									1
						9,		1	3
Oxford					5	4			7
						1			2
Romney .... .				2	1	1			2
Salisbury					1	1		1	2
Sandwich .				1					1
Shaftesbury				1	1	9		1	5
Shrewsbury . . . .				1					1
Stamford			1	1	1	1		2	5
Stamford or Sandwich Steyning		••	1	1 3	1	1	1	1	1 3
Southampton South wark		••	1	2 2	1 2	2	2		3 5
Taunton						1			1
Thetford			1	2		1	1		4
Wallingford Warwick			1	5	2	2	2	i	6 1
Wareham				1	1	9	1		2
Watchet .				1					1
Wilton		1	1	3	g	3	2		9
Winchester	2		g	10	7	6	6	3	17
						2			2
York				3	3	3	1	4	12

80 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

These twenty, however, with the exception of Bedford, Guildford, Malmesbury, Newport, Steyning, and Watclict, were previously represented in the collection at the British Museum.

Three of the above mints, viz., Bedwin, Newport, and Sandwich, are altogether new to Hildebrand, not being included in his list of Anglo-Saxon places of mintage ; for he assigned all the coins reading SAN and SA to the town of Stamford. There can, however, be no longer any doubt of the existence of a mint at Sandwich, for there is one coin in the Chancton find which reads LIFPINE ON SANDJ7. Unfortunately there happens to be a moneyer of the same name at Stamford, and as the name of this town is often written SANFOKD, those coins of LEOF- PINE, LEFPINE, or LIFpINE, which only read SA or SAN, we are unable to assign with certainty to either one or other of these places.

I will now notice certain peculiarities which appear to be in some cases mint-marks, in others the private marks of certain moneyers. The most remarkable of these is the annulet, the well-known York mint-mark.

This annulet we find upon the reverses of coins struck at York of Types I., II., V., VI., VII., VIII., IX., and X. Types III. and IV. alone are without it, although upon Type VII. it is sometimes omitted. Upon Type X. it is substituted for one of the pyramids of the reverse type.

Very rarely, too, we find this annulet upon coins of the Lincoln mint. Of this variety there are three examples in the Museum, of the moneyers, Othgrim (Type VI.), Godric, and Wulbru (Type IX.) (Plate VI., No. 10.) A Chancton coin, reading VLF ON LINCOL, of Type IX., has four pellets on the inner circle, opposite the limbs of

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 81

the cross. (PI. VI., No. 11.) A somewhat similar peculiarity occurs upon a coin reading pILEGRIP ON HEOE, (Hertford). (Plate VI. No. 12.) Also upon several London coins of Type V. of the moneyers ^ELKEDD, EDpINE, and EODPINE. (Plate VI. No. 13.)

Nos. 1, 2. and 3, of Plate VI. are coins of Ilchester, of Types VI., VIII., and IX. ; the first two are of one moneyer, Godric ; that of Type IX. reads JEELJ7INE ON tTFELE. It would be interesting to know whether the short bar which occurs upon these Ilchester coins is a distinctive mark of that town, as the annulet is of York ; it is certainly a remarkable fact that the only three coins of Ilchester in the Chancton hoard should have this peculiarity. There were previously no coins of that town in the National Collection.

Nos. 4, 5, and 6, of Plate VI., are coins of Dorchester. No. 4 reads J?VLSTAN ON DOR. It has a pellet in one quarter. The two latter are from the Chancton Find of Types VIII. and IX. ; they are probably by the same moneyer, Blakeman. That of Type VIII. has a sort of ray issuing from the centre of the cross in two quarters ; that of Type IX. has two small crosses besides the usual cross in the reverse field.

Nos. 7, 8, and 9 are all from the Chancton hoard ; they are coins of Hastings, of the moneyers Brid and Dunninc.

No. 14 is a coin reading ^ELF]7INE ON J7ILT ; it has a 6 in the field. No. 15, a coin of Wareham, has in one quarter the letter A or V, and in another a cross. What these letters may signify I cannot even conjecture.

There are a few coins in the Chancton Find which I have placed at the end of the catalogue under the head of " Uncertain Mints." Some of these are, doubtless,

VOL. VII. N.S. M

82 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

blundered coins; there are, however, a few which may perhaps be assigned to their respective towns.

There are two coins reading ^ELFPINE ON TIMM, and TIME, of Type VI. Ruding supposes that this may represent Teignmouth.

A coin of Type VIII. reads ^EEEREARD ON EV M . . . This may be Combe in Kent, or Compton in Sussex, names spelt in the Saxon charters, EVMB, EVMTVN.

Another coin of this type reads ceVMERLIpF ON pIODFO. This mint is mentioned in Ruding's list ; I cannot, however, find any name resembling it in the Saxon Charters.

Of Type VII. there are coins which read —

EADpEARD ON IENENE EILNOD ON EINE LEOFSTAN ON BIG

All that I can do is to suggest that, EINE may stand for EINEIrESTVN (Kingston in Surrey), and that BIG may be BlGGRAF (Bygrave in Wiltshire). For these two names, see Thorpe's " Diplomatarium Anglicanum," pp. 312, 561. In an agreement between Earl God wine and Byrhtric, the father of his second wife, we read " Dis wses gespecen set Cincgestune* beforan Cnute cincge."

And in the will of ^Ethelstan ^Etheling, third son of JEthelred II., by his first wife, ^Elflsed, he says, " y ic geann Leommsere set Biggrafan pass landes pe ic him ser of nam."

HAROLD II.

The coins of this king represented in the "Chancton hoard are fifty -eight in number ; fifty- one of these, how- ever, as will be seen from the following list, are of two

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 83

moneyers only ; and as the additions to our present collection in the Museum are so few, I have not thought it necessary to lengthen my paper by giving a catalogue of the whole collection. These are the coins of Harold II. which occur in the Chancton hoard : —

ON LVNDI .... I ON pILTV . . I

ALDHAR ON LVNDI .... 1 DERMON ON ST^ENI . . . .16 LEOF8I ON LVNDEN .... 1 LEOFSI ON LVND . 1

LEOFSTAN ON HA . . . .1 LEOFJ7ARD ON LEJ7E . .1

OZ]70LD ON LEJ7EEI . . 35

Total 58 coins.

These coins are all of the type engraved on Plate VI., No. 17, except that reading LEOFSTAN ON HA, which is without the sceptre. (Plate VI. No. 16.)

I must now bring to a conclusion my remarks upon this important find.

There is still, however, much to be learned concerning the coinage of this period, the duties and privileges of the various officers of the mint, &c., &c. How is it, too, that so few mints are mentioned in the Domesday Survey, compared with the vast number of towns we find upon the coins ? These and all similar queries I leave to the consideration of those more intimately acquainted than myself with the history and constitution of the Mint during the Anglo-Saxon period.

The following is a catalogue of the coins of the Con- fessor in the British Museum, side by side with that of the Chancton Find, according to Hildebrand's arrange- ment.

84 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

^EGLESBYRIB.'

(Aylesbury.)

TYPE A, var. c. British Museum. Chancton Find.

•J, . . . . VLFRED ON ^ .... (Broken coin.)

TYPE F.

* J7VLFRED ON EGELE

BADAN.

(Bath.)

TYPE A, var. c.

* OSM^R ON BADE

* OJ»M^EE ON BADE

TYPEE.

* ^lELM^BE ON BAD TYPEF.

^ CODEIE ON BADAN

4* nODEIEE ONN BADANN

^ OSM^EE ON BADANM

TYPE F, var. a.

* TrODEIEE ONN BADANN

TYPEG.

4* GODEIE ON BADEN ^ OooM^E ON BApEN 4* VELLEpINE ON BADEN

TYPEH.

* GODEIE ON BADAN

BEDANFORD.

TYPE A, var. c.

* SI60D ON BEDEFOE

TYPE F.

* J7VLFJ7I ON BEDEFOE

TYPEG.

ON BEDEFOR

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 85

TYPE H. British Museum. Chancton Find,

* GODEIE ONN BEDE

BEDEJ7INDE.

(Bedwin, Wilts.)

TYPE G.

EILD : ON BEDEJ7INDE * EILD : ON BEDEJ7INDE

* EILD ON BEDEpIN) :

BRYEEiSTOp. (Bristol.)

TYPE A, var. c.

^ GODpINE ON BRVEE

* 60DJ7INE ON BEVE

TYPE E.

* ^ELFJ7ARD ON BEIEST. ^ ^EDESTAN ON BEI

JELFEIE ON BRYE^TO * ^ELFEIE ON BEYG^TO

^ ^LF]7INE ON BEE : 4* ELFJ7INE ON BEYCSTO 4* I70DJ7INE ON BEEEE

TYPE I. EEOEL ON BEYEE

(Canterbury.) TYPE A, var. c.

* ^DEIE ON EANTY

* 6ILDEJ7INE ON EA

* LEOF^NE ON EAN

* MAN. ON EANTYI

TYPE B.

BEYMAN ON EEN EDJ7AED ON EEN

ELFEED ON LIFSTAN ON EEN MANA ON EENT

86 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

TYPE 0. British Museum. Chancton Find.

* BRYMMAN ON LENT

* EADJ7ERD ON EEETN

* ELFRED ON EENET v

* EYLDEJ7INE ON EE

* E YLDEJ?N£ ON EENT :

* GYLpINE ON EENT

* MAN : ON EENETE :

* RVDEARL ON EENT :

TYPEE.

* ALFRED ON EENTJ7A

* LIFPINE ON E^NT

* MANNA ON EANTJ7A

TYPEF.

4* EADJ7ARD ON EENT ^ EADJ7ARD ON E^ENT ^ EDpERD ON EENT :

* ELR^D ON E^ENTE 4, & ELRED : 0 : N EENTJ7A '. ^ 6YLDEPINE ON EENT

* LEOFSTAN ON EENT :

* MANNA ON EANTJ7

* J7VLXTAN ON EENT.-.

TYPE a.

.• ON E^ENTJ7A ON E^NTN ^ EADpARD ON E^ENT v

* ELFRIE : ON E^ENTN •i* 6YLDEJ7INE ON

4* LIOFccTAN ON

4. LIOFpINE ON EJENTN

* LIOFJ7INE ON E^NT

* MANNE ON E^NTNE ^ MANNE ON E^NTNE

TYPE H.

^ EADJ7EARD ON EAE ^ <ELRED ONN FENT

* ELRED ONN FENTNJ7

& CYDEJ7INE ON CENTJ?INR

* DYLDEJ7INE ON EJENTN

(Double struck)

* MANNA ON ENET

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 87

TYPE I. British Museum. Chancton Find.

* ^LFJ7EAED ON KEN

* MANA ON EANT

EISEEEASTER.

(Chichester.) TYPE A, war. c.

ON EIE * ^LFJ?INE ON EIE

J7VLFEIE ON EIE * pVLFEIE ON EIE

TYPEB. J7IEINE ON El

TYPEE.

* JELJ7IN-E ON EIEEST : E :

* ^LFpINE ON El : : : : STE : •fr ^LFJ7INE ON EIEEST :

* ^LFJ7INE ON EIELST

TYPE F.

* ^ELFJ7INE ON EIEEIE •

* EILFJ7INE-ON ENEEIE-.-

* CODJ7INE ON EIEEIT ^ GODJ7INE ON EIEE : 4. J7VLFEIE ON EIEEST •{* J7VLFEIE ON EIEEIT

TYPE G.

17INE ON EIEEIT :

COD

7INE ON

7INE ON EIEE o>T 7ESTE ON EIEEIT- 'INE ON EIEEIT

* J7VLFEIE ON EIEEIT

TYPE H.

^ ^LFJ7rNE ON EIEES .-. *{< ^LFpINE : ON EIEEIT v ^ CODpINE ON EIEE v

* GODPINE •.• ON EIEEoQlT

COD

INE : ON EIEEc»TN

•i* J7VLFEIE ON EILEt»T : 4* PVLFEIE ON EIEES-

88 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

TYPE I.

British Museum. Chancton Find.

* /ELFJ7INE ON EIEE^T

* Z3LFJ7INE ON EIEEoi * -3ELFJ7INE ON EIEErc

* IELFJ7INE ON EIEES

* J7VLFEIE ON EIEEST

* J7VLDEIE ON EIE

EOLENEE ASTER.

(Colchester.)

TYPE C.

* ELFpINE ON EOLI

^ BEVENYSE ON EOLA ^» LEOFJ7AED ON EOLE

* J7VLFJ7INE ON EOLAE

TYPE F.

^ BEIHTEIE ON EOLEEE : 4* BEVNNE^E ON EOLEE •i* DEOEMAN ON EOLEEE

* LEOFpOED ON EOLEEE

* J7VLFJ7INE ON EOLEET

TYPEH.

* J7VLFJ7INE ON EOLEEET:

TYPE I.

* J7VLFJ7INE ON EOLEEE

EROEGELADE OR EREELADE.

(Cricklade.)

TYPEE.

* EILJ7INE ON EEEEELS

TYPEF. *{• JEIELJ7INE ON EEEE. ^ LEOFEED ON EEOE :

TYPE G.

* LIOFEED ON EEEEEL TYPEH.

* LEOFEED ON EEEEEA TYPE I.

* LEOFEED ON EEEELA

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM TYPE I, var. a.

89

British Museum.

Chancton Find.

LEOFEED ON EEEELA

(Plate V. No. 11.)

DEORABY OR DOREBI.

(Derby.} TYPEB.

FEOM ON DEOE

FEOMA ON DOE

TYPEF.

FEOME ON DOEEBI :

J7YLSTAN ON DOE (Plate VI. No. 4.)

BIAEAMAN DOE

TYPEG.

DOREEEEASTER.

(Dorchester.}

TYPE A, var. c.

* BLAKEMAN ON DOEE (Plate VI. No. 6.)

TYPE B.

TYPED.

TYPEG.

* BLAKEMAN ON DOEi...

(Plate VI. No. 5.)

DOFERAN.

(Dover.}

TYPE A, var. c.

•fr EINSTAN ON DOFE •fr J7IANJ7INE ON DOFE- * PVLFJ7AED ON DO

TYPE B.

i EINSTAN ON DOF i EINSTAN ON DOFE.

VOL. VII. N.S.

90 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

TYPE C. [British Museum. Chancton Find.

* EINSTAN ON DOIRI

* ETSIDE ON DOFRR v

TYPE E.

* EINSTAN ON DOF-

* ENceTAN ON DOFER

TYPE F.

* EILJ7I .-. ON DOFEREN

* ENosTAN ON DOFERE : * EN^TAN ON DOFERER

* EN02TAN ON DOFER :

* ENSTAN ON DOEER :

* GODpINE ON DOFERE

* GODJ7INE ON DOFER

TYPE G.

^ EILpi:-ON DOFERE

* 60DJ7INE : ON DOFER :

TYPEH.

^ EILpI : ON DOFERENN ^ ENSTAN : ON DOFERE 4* 60DJ7INE ON DOFER

TYPE I.

* EEOLJ7I ON DOFERI

EXEEEASTER.

(Exeter.)

TYPE A, var. c.

* LIFING ON EXEEE

TYPE B. PYLMAR ON EEX

TYPEE. EDfN ON EX-EEEST.

* ... FJ7INE ON EESEEX

ON EXSEEX

ANGLO-SAXON COINS KOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 91

TYPE F. British Museum. Chancton Find.

* ELFEIE ON EXEE8

* ELFEIE ON EXEE8.TE 4* LIEINE ON EXEEESTR

LIFINC ON EXEEE02T

* oo^pINE ON EXEEEo* EZJ7INE ON EXEEE02T

* J7VLMEE ON.EEXEEE

* J7VLMER ON EXEEEE

TYPE G.

* ELFEIE ON EXEEEceTE :

* ELFEIE ON EXEEEOJT ^ ELFEIE ON EXEEEco

* PIEIN6 ON EXEEEJ»T :

ON

TYPEH.

4. ^LFEIO ON EXECES- ^ ELFEIE ONN EX • EE ONN EXE :

TYPE I.

4< SIEJ7INE ON EXEEE •fr J7YLFJ7INE ON EXEEE

EOFERJ7IE. (For*,)

TYPE A.

^ ^ELFpINE ON EOFEE ^ AEKETEL ON EOFEE 4* AENCETEL ON EOFEEJ7IC ^ AENCEIM ON EOF •{• ELFpINE ON EOFEEI ^ IOLANA ON EOFEE-

* ODIN ONN- EOFEEYE ^ EJEFEN ON EOFEE-

* E^EFEN ON EOFEI

* SEVLA ON EOFEE

•fr SEVLAA ONN EOFEE ^ SEFVEL ON EOFEE. •fr SEFVHEL ON EOF 4* STIEEOLL ON EOFE

* DYREIM ON EOF.

^ VLFEETEL ON EOF-

* VNOLT ON EOFEE

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

British Museum. . AEEEL ON EOFEJ7I. i AEEIL ON EOFEJ7 i AENGEIM ON E i AENEEIM ON EOF i IOETEL ON EOEp

i IOETEL ON EOFEJ7I i ODBEN ON EOFEI i ODEEIM ON EOFEE ODGEIM ON EOFE ODEEIM ON EOF SEVLA ON EOFEJ7 SEVLA ON EOFEEp SEVLA ON EOF SNJEBOEN ON EOF SJ7ETEOL ON EOFE DOEE ON EOFEEJ7 DOEE ON EOFE- DOEE ON EOFEJ7. VLFETEL ON EOFE

^SLFEE ON EOF : AENEEIM ON EOF AENCEIM ON EO AENEEE ON EOFE ELFEEE ON ECR ELFJ7INE ON EOFI EOLA ON EOFEE IVEKTEL ON EOF LEOFNOD ON EO EIFIEE ON EOB : ^^EF^VTCEF ON EO ^EYEA ON EOF : DOE ON EOFEE

TYPE A, var. c.

Chancton Find.

IOETEL ON EOFE

TYPEB.

-ffiLFHEEE ON EOFE- ^ELF]7INE ON EOKEE ELFJ7INE ON EON EOF ^LFpINE ON EOF : AENGEIM ON EOFEEp ELTAN ON EOFEJ7I ELTAN ON EOFEEEI •: EE-NEIL ON EOFEE

TYPE C.

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AI CHANCTON FARM. 93

British Museum. Chancton Find.

ERNEYTEL ON EOF : IVKELEL ON EOFER- ODEN ON EFROJ7IE •: REFEN ON EONEO S^FVHEL ON EOFE SEVLA ON EOFER • DO : R ON EOFEERJ7I DYRCRIM ON EOFE : DVRIGRIM ON EOF

TYPE E.

^LF]7INEE ON EOFERI AREYTEL ON EOFERJ7I ARNGRIM ON EOFER : SR-NGRIM ON EOFER ARNDRIM ON EOF ARNCRIM ON EOFERJ7I ARNGRIM ON EOFE ARNCRIMLOA ON EO ERNDRIM ON EOFER : GEOLA ON EOFERJ7I TOLA ON EOFERJ7IEE : LEOFENOD ON EOFE : SEVLA ON EOFERp. OQEVLA ON EOFERI roEVLA ON EOFERJ7IE &TYREOL ON EOFERJ7. STYREOL ON EOFER. SJ7ERTEOL ON EOF DORR ON EOFRJ7IE YLFEIL ON EOFERJ7I VLFEIL ON EOFER PINTEFYHEL ON EO J7INTERFVHL ON EOF.

TYPE F.

-ARNEEL ON EOFER- 4* 'ARNEEL ON EOFER-

AENETEL ON EOFE * ARNETEL ON EOFE

ARNETEL ON EOFER.

ARNGRIM ON EOFRJ7IE

ARN6RIM ON EOFER

ARN6RIM ON EOFR

ARN6RIM ON EOFE

IOLE ON EOFERJ7IE

LEOFENOD ON EOF

LEOFENOD ON EOFE

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

British Museum. RAFEN ON EOFERJ7

SEVLE ON EOFERIEE SEVLE ON EOFERJ7II XTIREOL ON EOFER STIREOL ON EOFRJ7 STIREOL ON EOFERJ7IE SJ7ARTEOL ON EOFR SJ7ARTEOL ON EOFER DORR ON EOFERJ7I VLFETEL ON EOFERJ7IE VLFEETEL ON EOFR J7INTERFV6L ON EOF PINTERFV6EL ON EO

Chancton Find. R-AFEN ON EOFERJ7I

XTIREOL ON EOFRp

ARNETEL ON EOFR ARNCRIM ON EOFER IOEITEL ON EOFR)7

ODGRIM ON EOFER SEVLAE ON EOFRJ7I

SNEBORN ON EOF DORR ON EOFERJ7IE DORR ON EOFERJ7I VLFETEL ON EOFRJ7

IOKETEL ON EOFE SEVLA ON EOFRJ7IE

(Without the annulets.) DORR ONN EOFRJ7E DORR ON EOFERPIE

VLFEIL ON EOFRJ7IE YLFEETL ON EOFRf.

TYPE Gr.

ODDRIM ON EOFI

(Without the annulet.)

SEVLA ON EOFRJ7IEE

VLFETEL ON EOFR

TYPE H.

ARN6RIM ON EOFDc.

(Without the annulets.) ARNCRIM ON EOFR-

(Without the annulets.) IOLA ON EOFER-

(Without the annulets.)

DORR ON EOFRflEE

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM.

95

TYPE I.

British Museum. ALEOF ON EOFEEJ7 ALEIF ON EOFEJ7IEE EAEEIL ON EOFEJ7IE

IOEEETEL ON EOFE ODBOEN ON EOFEE OVDBEAEN ON EO OYDGEIM ON EOF OVDpVLF ON EOFE

SEYLA ON EOFE SEVLA ON EOFEE • SNEBEAEN ON EO SNEBEN ON EOFEJ7IE SENEBEN ON EOFE

DOE ON EOFEEJ7IE : DOEE ON EOFEJ7IEE VLFEETL ON EOFEE

SENEBEN ON EOFE.

Chancton Find.

EAEEIL ON EOFEEJ7 IOEEETEL ON EOFE

OYDYLF ON EOFEI

SJ7EAETEOL ON EO .

TYPE L.

niFELEEASTEB.

(Ilchester.)

TYPE A, vur. c.

* ^GLpINE ON 6IFEL

(Plate VI. No. 3.)

TYPE F.

* GODEIE ON EIFELE :

(Plate VI. No. 1.)

TYPE G.

* EODEIE ON GIEELEE

(Plate VI. No. 2.)

DIPESJ7IE.

(Ipswich.}

TYPE A, var. c.

ON 6IPPE

96

NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE. TYPEB.

British Museum. J7.VLSIE ON GIP

JELFJ7INE ON 6IPP

Chancton Find.

TYPE GK

BEVMAN ON EIPEa>J7I

TYPE I.

ON GIPP

DLEAJ7EEEASTER.

(Gloucester.)

J7VLFJ7EED ON GLEJ7

LEOFNOD ON ELE ON GLE

TYPE A.

TYPE A, var. c.

•{• SILAE • ON GLEfE

TYPE B.

4* SILAE ON 6LEJ7E

TYPE E.

^EIELBIE ON 6LEJ7E

TYPEF.

ON

ON GLEJ7EE •fr 60DEIE ON GLEJ7E : * IYLFEED 0 ELEJ7 :

TYPE G.

LIOFJ7INE ON ELEJ7EEE ON GLEJ7EEE

TYPEH.

GODJ7INE ON 6LEJ7EEST SILAE ON JSLEJ7E

TYPE I.

ANGLO-SAXON COINS FOUND AT CHANCTON FARM. 97

DRANTABRYEE.

(Cambridge.}

TYPE B.

British Museum. Chancton Find.

ETSTAN ON ERA

TYPEF.

* GODJ7INE ON GRANT TYPE H.

* JELFJ7IG ONN GRA.

* GODJ7INE ON GRANT

GYLDEFORD.

(Guildford.)

TYPE A, var. c.

* ^LFRIE ON 6ILDE

TYPE E.

* BLAEEMAN ON GYL 4* BLAEEMAN ON 6YL

TYPEF.

* BLAEMAN ON GVLD : ^ BLAEMAN ON GYLD

TYPE G.

* ^LFRIE • ON 6ILDEFOR

* ^ELFRIE : ON 6LLDEFOR

* BLAEEMAN ON 6LDE

TYPE H.

4. BLAEEMAN ON GIL

* BLAEEMAN ON 6YLDEOR

H^STINGAS.

(Hastings.}

TYPE A, var. c.

* DVNNINE ON HEST

(Plate VI. No. 9.)

* DVNNINE ON

TYPE B. BRID ON H^STI

VOL. VU. N.S. O

98 NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE.

TYPE C. British Museum. Chancton Find.

* BEID : ON HESTST :

TYPE E.

* BEID ON HESTINPO :

* BEID ON HESTINPOR

(Plate VI. No. 7.)

* LEOFJ7INE ON HJES

* LEOFJ7INE ON HZESTE

* LEOFJ7INE ON H^ESTIEE

* LIFJ7INE ON HAST :

TYPEF.

* BRID ON HJESTNG

* BEID ON HASTING

* BEID : 0 : N HJErcTIEN

* DVINNE